Harf-o-Sukhan

"کمال احمد رضوی کے افسانوی تراجم کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ ‘‘

2024-07-24T17:15:55+00:00

Syed Kamal Ahmed Rizvi (1930-2015) was an individual entity as a popular actor, producer, director, philosopher, novelist, dramatist, translator and short story writer. He was acclaimed as the King of humor and satirical writing, which is an arduous task to work on.

This research paper shades light on Kamal Ahmed Rizvi’s Translated Short Story Writing aspect. Through their Translating, he added the world-renowned literary works in to Urdu Literature.

Indeed, Kamal Ahmed Rizvi is famously known for drama writing, however, his short stories translations are also important in quality and content.

نظم"شکوہ" تاریخ کے تناظر میں

2024-07-25T08:44:29+00:00

An intellectual and philosophical poet like Allama Iqbal is born over centuries because he was not an ordinary poet and, contrary to the scommonplace practices of the time, he introduces his innovative concept to Urdu poetry in such a way that it became a hallmark for his works only. Much has been written and researched on the personality and the poetic acumen of Iqbal but there is still some food of thought left for the coming generation to be extracted from his evergreen property and that is how his poetry keeps itself relevant to the changing circumstances. And this has been the focal point of my article to highlight his relevance in the current social historical conditions of the Muslims in light of the allusion he has to Islamic history in his poetry. He, in his poems and has documented the historic events and different that could awaken the nation and this is how his poetic style became an emblem and articulation of the unified goals of the nation. He preached his fellow Muslims to follow the principles of Islam in their personal and collective lives. When we analyze his poetry carefully, we come to realize that of his fundamental Islamic message are Quran, Hadith and other Islamic tradition. Especially to Prophets, their companions and freedom fighters.

چاک : ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2024-07-27T15:07:09+00:00

Aziz Shahid Saraiki is considered to be a well-known academic and literary figure of Wasib.His Magical romantic poetry Leaves many traces on the heart and mind of the reader.His poetic greatness is also that he uses bitter words so beautifully that every word is full of sweetness and color. Apart from this, Aziz Shahid's aesthetic sense id very strong compared to other poets.This is the reason that he is familiar with the joys,sorrows and realities of Wasib and writing these realities in beautiful words in his poetry is the specialty of his poetry,in his poetry the woman shines with all her individuality.As the lover becomes the beloved and becomes the goddess of poetry, her words are self-made and the beloved is her only witness.So when we study Chalk, we find that Aziz Shahid is the power of Saraiki poetry.

Everything created in the universe,Earth and Sky. All colors are signs of nature's chalk. Culture and Customs are of every person's life is signs of chalk. The quality of his poetry is that his poetry reflects the culture and civilization of the Siraiki Region especially in the diction of Dera Ghazi Khan.The publication of "Chalk" is a clear proof that he is a legend poet of Saraiki poetry.

ڈاکٹر جمیل جالبی "تاریخ ادب اردو"(جلد اوّل)

2024-08-01T11:39:49+00:00

Dr. Jamil Jalbi is a multifaceted figure in Urdu literature celebrated for his roles as a researcher, critic, translator, dictionary editor, and historian. His expertise extends across these diverse capacities, earning him acclaim in each. His profound understanding of culture and civilization further enhances his standing in the literary community. Dr. Jalbi is revered as a highly skilled professional in research and editing, having established fundamental principles for scholarly pursuits in these domains. One of his notable works is the massive "Qadam Rao Padam Rao" in Urdu literature, which is a remarkable example of his proficiency in research and editing. This article aims to spotlight Dr. Jameel Jalbi's contributions as a researcher and editor, emphasizing his unique and dignified approach. Specifically, his work on the masnavi mentioned above is hailed as an undeniable testament to his scholarly dignity. Dr. Jalbi's significant publication, "History of Urdu Literature," spans four volumes. This article focuses on Volume 1, which provides an overview of Urdu literature from its inception to the year 1750. The researcher concludes that Dr. Jameel Jalbi has executed a distinctive and honorable task in editing and researching this historical work, particularly showcasing his skillful reflection on the masnavi. This, in turn, stands as irrefutable evidence of his scholarly stature and contributions to Urdu literature.

سیرت النبی ﷺ کا تشبیہ کی رو سے مطالعہ

2024-08-02T14:33:47+00:00

Seerat is an Arabic word which literally means to walk, to take a path, to adopt an attitude or method, to set off, to act, etc. Thus the meaning of Sirat is state, attitude, method, gait, character, trait and habit. From this in Urdu, the words construction of biography, biography, maturation of biography, good biography, bad biography and good biography etc. are used. has been used to describe For example, the names of the books, Sirat Aisha or Sirat Al-Mutakhreen, etc. The word Sirat is now only used as a term to describe all the circumstances of the blessed life of the Holy Prophet, while the use of the word Sirat for the circumstances of any other selected personality has become almost obsolete. Now, if the words like Rasul, Nabi, Prophet or Mustafa are not used along with the words like study of biography or books of biography, then every reader understands that it means the biography of the Holy Prophet. Some places are compared with these words. . Jalsa Sirat, Sirat conference, Sirat articles, Sirat numbers of newspapers and magazines, etc., are used in many words. In all these techniques, the word Sirat always means Sirat-ul-Nabi. Sometimes, due to the expression of politeness and respect, the blessed name of the Prophet ﷺ is compared with these names. Like Sirat Tayyaba, Sirat Mutahra and Sirat Pak etc.

اردوغزل کی حیات نو: ناصر کاظمی

2024-08-02T19:10:31+00:00

Nasir Kazmi raised the concept of grief from the level of his self and gave it a universal color and carved such beautiful figures that it is as if we hear the voice of our own heart.

You can imagine that a person who is suffering from various pains all the time, how much his mental state is inflamed. He sees all the colors of life as dull, all the flowers without color and smell, and all the work as meaningless. His actions reflect his emotions. Mental chaos and anxiety have reached the limit and he finds no way to get out of this state and anxiety. In such a situation, the poet's impudence, anxiety, dejection itself takes pity on his condition and tells him that you are disturbed by this chronic condition, so let's take you outside for a walk. But this point is also hidden in it that the external state is not separate from this internal state. The poet is witnessing a level of pain and suffering where everything inside and outside is the same. For him, there is always darkness of sorrows, everywhere there is sadness, every step is helplessness, every moment is despair, every moment is pain and anxiety.

Nasir Kazmi's books include "Deewan (poems) ", "Barg-e-Nay (poems)", "Pahli Barash (poems)", "Nishat-e-Khwab (poems)", "Sur Ki Chaya (poetry drama)". and "KUliat" while the prose books include "Dry Spring Bank" and "Diary... Chand pareshan awraq".

اسیرانِ فرنگ

2024-08-05T17:27:20+00:00

The literature and writers created in the prison are the reflection of their era and are a reflection of their psychological and mental condition as well as heroes of their country and nation who faced the toughest and the most difficult situation for the sake of their people with a big smile .Those poets included the famous scholars of that era,wealthy nawabs and kings of that time .The number is very high but we will mention only a few of them.

"اُردو تنقید بیسویں صدی میں"

2024-08-05T17:43:41+00:00

In the twentieth hundred years, Urdu artistic analysis developed altogether, expanding on the fundamental work of prior illuminating presences like Altaf Hussain Hali, Shibli Nomani, and Muhammad Hussain Azad, whose spearheading endeavors laid the preparation for basic talk in Urdu writing.

“Altaf Hussain Hali” frequently viewed as a harbinger of present-day Urdu scholarly analysis, presented another time of abstract investigation with his work "Muqaddama-e-Sher-o-Shayari." Hali's basic methodology underlined the moral and social obligations of writing, asking writers to move past conventional structures and subjects to resolve contemporary social issues۔

“Shibli Nomani”, a transcending figure in Urdu abstract analysis, carried an insightful thoroughness to the field with his basic life stories and scholarly narratives. His work "Sher-ul-Ajam," an extensive investigation of Persian verse, exhibited his strategic methodology, consolidating verifiable setting with scholarly examination.

“Muhammad Hussain Azad”, another trailblazer, fundamentally added to the improvement of Urdu scholarly analysis through his verifiable and basic works, for example, "Aab-e-Hayat." This original text offered a definite history of Urdu verse, commending its development and featuring the commitments of key writers.

Expanding on the establishments laid by Hali, Shibli, and Azad, twentieth century Urdu scholarly analysis developed into a dynamic and complex field. Pundits like “Sajjad Zaheer” and “Ahmed Ali” of the Dynamic Scholars' Development accentuated the socio-political job of writing, upholding for authenticity and civil rights. “Muhammad Hasan Askari” scrutinized innovation and investigated existential and postcolonial topics, offering nuanced viewpoints on social character and scholarly style. “Shamsur Rahman Faruqi” changed the comprehension of traditional and current Urdu writing, giving new hypothetical systems and stylish standards.

In this fantastic embroidery of the twentieth 100 years, Urdu scholarly analysis arises as not simply a talk but rather a work, blending with the rhythm of cultural motion and the throbbing heartbeat of developing scholarly articulations, making a wonderful heritage that proceeds to move and resound across borders.

ناول محمد بن قاسم کے معروف تاریخی کرداروں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2024-08-07T08:36:58+00:00

"Muhammad bin Qasim" by Naseem Hijazi is a historical novel that masterfully recreates the dramatic conquest of Sindh by the young Umayyad general, Muhammad bin Qasim, in the early 8th century. Known for his ability to bring history to life, Hijazi meticulously crafts a narrative that intertwines historical events with engaging storytelling, offering readers both an educational and thrilling experience.The novel begins with the socio-political landscape of the Umayyad Caliphate, setting the stage for Muhammad bin Qasim's monumental expedition. Appointed at a young age to lead the campaign against Raja Dahir of Sindh, Muhammad bin Qasim demonstrates exceptional military acumen and leadership. His journey from the deserts of Arabia to the fertile plains of the Indus River is fraught with challenges, including formidable foes, internal dissent, and the complexities of integrating diverse cultures.

Hijazi's portrayal of Muhammad bin Qasim is one of a visionary leader who combines tactical brilliance with a compassionate approach towards the conquered peoples .The novel delves into his strategic maneuvers , his efforts to win the hearts and minds of the local populace and his ability to inspire loyalty and courage among his troops .Through a rich array of characters—loyal companions, fierce warriors, and resilient locals—Hijazi explores the broader themes of faith, honor, and the clash of civilizations. The interactions between these characters provide a nuanced view of the cultural and religious dynamics of the time, highlighting the impact of Islamic rule on the Indian subcontinent."Muhammad bin Qasim" is more than a tale of conquest; it is a profound reflection on leadership, justice, and the enduring influence of historical figures. Hijazi's narrative sheds light on the early Islamic expansion and the enduring legacy of Muhammad bin Qasim's conquests, making it a must-read for those interested in Islamic history and the rich tapestry of the medieval world.

انیسوی صدی کے چند اہم سفرناموں میں تہذیب و معاشرت کی عکاسی

2024-08-13T09:45:55+00:00

The 19th century holds significant importance in the context of Urdu travelogue writing. This era marked the beginning of Urdu travel literature with Yusuf Khan Kambalposh's travelogue "Ajaibaat-e-Farang." Following this, a large number of travelogues were written. During that period, travel facilities were limited, and most international journeys were made by sea. People had very little knowledge about the world, and travel writers played a crucial role in bringing this information to readers. A key feature of these travelogues is the sense of wonder and curiosity, and they adopted an informative style. The travel writers provided detailed descriptions of the culture and society of the regions they visited. Important travel writers of this era, including Yusuf Khan Kambalposh, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad, Maulana Shibli Nomani, and Maulana Hakim Syed Abdul Hai, have been reviewed in this study for their depiction of culture and society in their travelogues.

”انار کلی“(مرزا حامد بیگ) میں مذکوراشخاص و اماکن کا مطالعہ

2024-08-17T03:17:34+00:00

This study delves into the characters and locations depicted in Mirza Hameed Baig's renowned literary work, "Anarkali." The novel, set against the historical backdrop of the Mughal era, intricately weaves a narrative that blends fiction with reality, offering a unique perspective on the legendary tale of Anarkali. Through a detailed analysis of the characters, including the enigmatic Anarkali, Emperor Akbar, Prince Salim, and other key figures, the study explores the complex interpersonal dynamics, the socio-political environment of the time, and the influence of these elements on the unfolding of the story. Additionally, the study examines the significant locations that serve as the novel's setting, such as the royal palaces, markets, and the historical sites of Lahore, providing insights into how these places contribute to the atmosphere and authenticity of the narrative. This analysis aims to shed light on the historical and cultural significance of the characters and places in "Anarkali," highlighting the novel's contribution to Urdu literature and its portrayal of Mughal history.

لکھنوی زبان اوراس کالہجہ: تنقیدی جائزہ

2024-08-20T17:19:04+00:00

“Dabistan-Likhnow” means the method of Literature which has been adopted by Old Poets of Likhnow and it is different from the Literuture of Delhi. “Dabistan-Delhi” means Inner and emotional Presntation and “Dabistan-Likhnow” means Outer matters off human and words presntataion in Literature.

Main Poets of Likhnow are; Ghulam HamadaniMushafi, Sheikh QalandarBukhskJura,at, Saadatyar Khan Rangeen, Insha Allah hanInsha,KhwajaHaider Ali Aatish, Sheikh Imam BukhshNasikh, Meer Hassan Dehlavi, PanditDyashankarNaseem, NawabMirzaShouq etc.

ڈراما (آغاز و عناصر، تحقیقی جائزہ)

2024-08-21T17:08:34+00:00

Drama is a unique and dynamic art form that has been a comerstone of human expression and storytelling for centuries. Through its various forms, including theater, performance, and play, drama has the ability to captivate, inspire and challenge audiances, offering a window into the human experience. The abstract explore the significance of drama in understanding human emotions, conflicts, and relationships, highlithing its capacity to:

-Portray complex charectors and stories

- Evoke emotions and empathy

- Explore social and cultural issues

- Provide a platform for self expression and reflection

By examining the elemnts of drama including plot, character development, dialogue, and performance, we can gain insight into the human condition, fostering, a deeper understanding of ourselves and others. Ultimately, drama has the power to transform, educate and unite us. Making an essential part of our shared cultural heritage.

شعریات میرا جی کی معنیاتی بازیافت

2024-08-24T03:22:33+00:00

The current extract is the reflection of human psychology and modern linguistics analysis of human language, which gave birth to neo-criticism and practical criticism. It paved the way for other ideology that emerged in the field of linguistics, called stylistics the core sub-discipline of stylistics is semantics i.e. "the discipline of linguistics which deals with the study of the meanings." The most important rule which is discussed in the study of semantics is "collocation rule." If it is not followed, the deviation of this general rule is occurred and the excessive deviation leads towards the construction of structure less text. But the poets violate this rule merely to establish interest in the reader and to embellish the language to create captivating effects and beauty. This semantic theory has been applied upon the poetry of Meera Jee to justify the universality and novelty of his diction and thoughts.

ولیؔ دکنی کی غزل میں سرائیکی الفاظ:ایک مطالعہ

2024-08-28T02:13:39+00:00

Every language has lingual relations with other national and international languages. In the Subcontinent (South Asia), There are several languages which have lingual relations. Urdu language also has lingual relations with national and international languages like; Italian, English, Ostai, Balti, Balochi, Bangla, Purtagali, Pashto, Punjabi, Poorabi, Tamil, Turkish, Japanese, German, Chinese, Dakhani Russian, Zand, Saraiki, Hebro, Arabic, Persian, Kashmiri, Gujrati, Latin, Laddakhi, Marwadi, Marathi, Malai, Nepali, Haryanvi, Spanish, Hindko etc. Serveral words, Phrases, Tenses and Lingual rules are same in Urdu and Saraiki languages. This Article contains the subscription of Saraiki words in Urdu language.

ڈاکٹر فقیرا خان فقری کی شاعری میں مادیت پرستی اور منافقانہ رویوں کے خلاف مزاحمت

2024-08-29T17:01:24+00:00

The study analyses defiance in the poetry of Dr. Faqira Khan Faqri defiance is the central theme of his poetry. Dr. Faqira Khan Faqri opposes those acts and feelings that affect common man. Thus, his poetry deals with defiance and resistance criticizing materialism and hypocaracy. These attitude, however, give birth to social evils like unrighteousness. In modern world, rationalism and materialism have turned human beings into machines. They try to satiate with material things even at the cost of human’s welfare. Dr. Faqira Khan Faqri has opposed and criticized such people and attitudes in his poetry. Dr. Faqira Khan Faqri poetry abounds with the love of human beings. His opposition of the negative attitudes is for the sake of the suffering of common man. If he opposes an idealogy, it is based on ethical considerations. Faqri can understand and peep into the inner of human. In short, Dr. Faqira Khan Faqri’s poetry truly depicts the cultural values, customs and traditions, and socio-political situations of his age the mirrors and opposes the hypocracy, deception, and senselessness of the people.

اردو افسانے میں نرگسیت

2024-08-31T11:46:15+00:00

Narcissism is a term based on psychological attitudes, thanks to which the human personality is characterized by self-hatred, self-love, self-delusion, pride, arrogance, extreme mental states, sexism and creative desires. Narcissism is a pervasive love of self-image that can make it possible to recognize the image of one’s inner self in a mirror. Its clear traces are visible in the literature from the Greek era to the Roman era. Ovid’s Metamorphoses has embellished it with a long form. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, narcissistic emotions and feelings have been expressed in Western Literature. In the 19^th century P. Nack used it as a medical term to describe mental illness. As a psychologist, Freud considered mental and internal conditions based on narcissism as a disorder of human personality. After that, psychologists associated with Kohuti and Lacanian schools of thought and the American Psychiatric Association sought to bring out the role of narcissism in the construction and destruction of human personality. In the 20^th century, the term narcissism started to have its effects on Urdu Fiction. Therefore, Urdu Fiction writers have presented the mental and internal conditions of our society and society in their works. Through his fictional characters, he has tried to inculcate attitudes that lead to narcissistic tendencies.

اردو ادب میں اساطیر کی حسن کاری: ایک تجزیہ

2024-08-31T13:17:09+00:00

Mythology has a long lasting beautifying impact on the literature of all eras. Since the dawn of the literature, myths have played a key role in enlightening as well as entertaining the human mind and society. Urdu literature, in general, and Urdu fiction in specific, is enriched with mythology. Urdu Masnavi, along with Urdu Dastan, has greatly been influenced by the mythology. Similarly, Urdu novels and short stories have also witnessed the impact of mythology. Nonetheless, the ancient mythical legacy is evolving into science fiction in the present era. Mythology has infused the elements of alienation, mystery, imagination, suspense and wonder into the literature. The article under study presents an analysis of Urdu literature focusing on the impact of mythology. All the above said aspects have been reviewed and examined; a conclusion has been drawn and presented at the end.

ناول “انسان اور دیوتا” کے تہذیبی و فکری تصورات

2024-09-01T16:26:52+00:00

Insan and Devta (Man and the Spirit) a captivating novel by Naseem Hijazi present those colors of Hindu society which keeps people divided and classified since centuries. This division has casted adverse affects on India. The Themes of life, nature, existential crisis, helplessness and human struggle are explored and presented in this novel. The current study explores these themes through the textual analysis.

پاک فوج کے شعبہ تعلقاتِ عامہ کا ترجمان "ہلال" کے مزاح نگار

2024-09-03T14:15:11+00:00

Literary appreciation in a military environment can be seen through the Pakistan Army's Urdu journal, 'Hilal', which was first published on Friday, August 17, 1951. Initially, it was issued on Fridays and Tuesdays. In October 1952, it became a daily publication for the first time. The 'Weekly Hilal' was introduced in April 1964. It started publishing monthly as a bilingual magazine in August 2007. It has been started to be published monthly as two separate journals in Urdu and English in 2014. 'Hilal Kids' and 'Hilal HER' were introduced in April 2019 and they were a stunning addition.

Positive literary values have been nurtured by this journal. This publication is composed of prominent military writers, as well as respected professors from national universities, well-known journalists, distinguished scholars, and social and literary figures. In addition to their literary creations, these writers have written numerous articles on national development and reform, as well as the welfare of the country's economy. The importance of national unity and cohesion has been highlighted by a few patriotic writers. At various times, the journal has published works on military culture and traditions, religious, national, and global contextual issues, as well as intellectual and literary creations.

'Hilal' is adept at providing news and lighthearted content to alleviate the harshness of the military environment. Its contributors have made a significant name for themselves in the field of humorous writing. Among the top-tier creators in Urdu humor who began their literary journey with this journal are General Shafiq-ur-Rehman, Brigadier Siddiq Salik, Brigadier S.S. Hadi, Brigadier Fazal-ur-Rehman, Brigadier Yusuf, Brigadier Gulzar, Brigadier Safdar, Brigadier Khalid, Colonel Masood, Colonel Muhammad Khan, Colonel Ashfaq Hussain, Colonel Zia Shehzad, Major Syed Zameer Jafri, Subedar Ghulam Ali Bulbul, Subedar Maqbool Afandi, Subedar Khalid, and Havildar Afzal Gohar. These writers introduced the art of presenting serious matters in a sugar-coated form through appropriate words, diverse topics, and their thoughts and opinions. The light-hearted writers of “Hilal,” with their bold style and natural humor, hold a unique place in Urdu humorous literature.

When it comes to pure literary creations, “Hilal” has offered its readers high-caliber works in genres such as essays, travelogues, short stories, and reports. However, its greatest contribution is the presentation of Urdu satire and humor. The creators, in their humorous style, introduced a new form of writing, and their distinctive manner of expression and popularity continues to this day.

لاکان کی تھیوری کے تناظر میں ناول " دشت ِ سوس " کے مرکزی کردار کا نفسیاتی تجزیہ

2024-09-04T13:22:58+00:00

Jacques Lacan is widely regarded as the most influential figure in psychology after Sigmund Freud. Building upon the foundational work of Freud and Saussure, Lacan advanced psychoanalytical theory. Notably, he introduced the concept of the Mirror Stage and delineated three principal registers of the human psyche: the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real. Additionally, Lacan redefined the concepts of Need, Demand, and Desire, positing that Need pertains to biological aspects of existence, Demand relates to the fulfillment of loss, and Desire is associated with the unattainable Real. This article aims to analyze the protagonist of the Urdu novel "Dasht-e-Soos" by Jamila Hashmi through the lens of Lacanian theory. Specifically, it endeavors to conduct a psychoanalysis of the central character, Hussain Bin Mansoor Hallaj, utilizing Lacan's theoretical framework.

عباس خان کے ناولوں کا تنقیدی جائزہ

2024-09-06T14:59:16+00:00

Abbas Khan is a great novelist of Urdu literature,a unique fiction writer, an important columnist, letter writer, sketch writer and a great philosopher. He belongs to Bhakkar district of Punjab. His prose capital has been published in national and international journals. Special sections of various issues have been published on his art and style. He has been awarded various honors for literary services. His novels "Zakhm Gawa Hain, To Aur To, Main Aur Amrao Jaan Ada" have a unique and important place in Urdu literature۔ Technically, the style of his novels is new and unique. He made new themes a part of novels. In his novels, the flaws of the judicial system are highlighted. His novels are objective in which people are taught to stay away from social evils.

اسامہ صدیق کے ناول "غروب شہر کا وقت" میں فطرت اور ماحول کے مسائل کی عکاسی

2024-09-08T01:32:57+00:00

Novels are commonly used to present different issues and problems of society to the masses, and researchers broadly acknowledge this. The novel masterfully intertwines environmental themes, vividly depicting the intricate connection between humanity and the natural world. Osama Siddique skilfully brings to light the dire consequences of environmental degradation, shedding light on its profound impact on both society and individual lives. With captivating descriptions of landscapes and artful depictions of ecological challenges, the novel serves as a powerful call to action for urgent environmental conservation efforts. Today, Pakistan has been one of the most affected countries by climate change, like heavy rainfall, heat waves in summer, and increasing water levels from glaciers to sea ticking like an alarm before disaster. This novel also points climate problems that we are facing or we are going to witness them.

اخترالایمان کی نظم: تفہیم و تعبیر کا نوآبادیاتی سیاق

2024-09-10T12:35:16+00:00

Modern Urdu poetry is divided into two major trends. The first is collectivist and the second is individualism. Akhtar-ul-Eman has adopted a balanced attitude between the two tendencies. Under the colonial situation human pain, anguish, sorrow, boredom and resentment aroused in Akhtar-ul-Eman reflections. He have a crisis of memory and identity vividly. In this statement of the past, the desire for freedom, aspiration and ideal perspective is seen. In the lower level of his poems, there is a statement of the political, social and human moral decay of his era. He is silently protesting against the colonial situation. This is seems an anti-colonial attitude in a broder sense. The internal experience in the system is a reflection of their personality which has grown up with the political, social, economic conditions around them and the forced colonial exploitative system. This article presents a study of Akhtar-ul-Eman’s poems published in the colonial era in a colonial context.

اختر رضا سلیمی کے ناولوں میں صارفی کلچر

2024-10-19T12:10:44+00:00

Akhtar Raza saleemi is one of the best novelists in Pakistan. He has written three novels up to now. In these novels Akhtar Raza Saleemi not only presented the regional culture but also modern issues. Consumerism is the culture of mass consumption and influences the individual’s purchasing power and desire for products. Consumerism works by creating an economic system that encourages consumers to buy more through social pressure, advertising, manipulation, and the belief that you’ll be happier if you own a particular item. In this article effort is made to analyze the novels of Akhtar Raza Saleemi in the perspective Consumarism

اُردوکی ترویج واشاعت میں علما ومدارس کا کردار

2024-09-10T07:02:05+00:00

In the early third decade of the 20th century and the period after that, the dominant class of Urdu writers and poets was the product of religious madrasas, and the leadership and dominance of literature were in the hands of this class. It went into the hands of the likes. It was a sign of moral failure that the youth influenced by communism tried to exclude from the realm of literature any literature in which religion was mixed or morality was involved. Religious poets and writers were given the names of millas and sermons on the basis of prejudice; novels and fictions written on sexual themes were considered original literature. In these conditions, literature was divided into two parts; morals and manners became anathema to abiologists; however, the number of readers of healthy literature did not decrease. Until a time, the literary writings and works of scholars were considered masterpieces of literature.

پاکستانی ادیبوں کے لندن کے سفر ناموں میں تہذیب و ثقافت کی عکاسی

2024-09-12T18:07:35+00:00

A travelogue is a literary genre where the writer shares their experiences, observations, and reflections from their travels. Unlike fictional narratives, travelogues focus on real-life experiences, providing readers with an authentic glimpse into different places, cultures, and peoples. The primary objective of a travelogue is to document and convey the essence of the journey, capturing the sights, sounds, and emotions encountered along the way. The creation of a travelogue begins with the act of travel itself, involving the exploration of various cities, countries, or continents. The writer meticulously observes the culture, customs, living conditions, habits, norms, values, and traditions of the inhabitants of the visited areas. Through vivid descriptions and personal anecdotes, travelogues offer readers political, social, cultural, educational, and historical insights. The foremost condition for writing a travelogue is to travel to a city, country, or continent, and to observe the culture, customs, living conditions, habits, norms, values, and traditions of the people of that particular area. London is one of the most popular destinations in travel literature, where the focus remains on reality rather than on imaginative or hypothetical aspects of life. London, with its rich history and diverse culture, offers a unique tapestry of experiences. From the historic landmarks such as the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace to the vibrant streets of Southall, known for its bustling South Asian community, the city is an amalgam of faiths and traditions. The cityscape is dotted with churches, mosques, temples, and gurdwaras, reflecting its multicultural and multi-faith population. This travelogue about London not only provides insights into its political, social, and cultural dynamics but also delves into its educational and historical contexts. The weather, often characterized by its unpredictable nature, adds another layer of charm to the city's ambiance. London's culinary scene is equally diverse, offering everything from traditional British fare to exotic South Asian cuisine, making it a haven for food enthusiasts. Tourism thrives here, with visitors flocking to experience its iconic attractions, vibrant markets, and picturesque parks. The authors focuses on the rich traditions and customs of London and had a great success in capturing the essence of this global metropolis. By highlighting the racial, linguistic, and cultural diversity, this author present a vivid picture of London as a city where history and modernity, tradition and innovation, coexist harmoniously.

اُردو لسانیات کا آغاز و ارتقااور روایت

2024-09-20T04:01:12+00:00

This article is about Urdu linguistics…beginning , evolution and tradition. Urdu belongs to the Indo-Aryan family. It is said that Indo-Aryan languages have entered India since 1500 BC. Prakrit from Sanskrit,Ap Bharnish from Prakrit and Urdu from Ap Bharnish started.If we look at this aspect of history, we will be able to determine the structure of Urdu and its capital words. If we want to see the very early form of Urdu ,then the language can be seen from 1000 to 1193 AD.The views of important linguists are being presented below, which will be important for the readers’ use of tradition of Urdu language and the breadth and depth of linguistics. Ziauldin Khusro’s Khaliq Bari is the first available work in the tradition of Urdu linguistics. This book is very important in terms of lexical and phonetic, if it is said that in this book people have been enlightened with synonyms, phonetics and spelling mistakes, then it will not be out of place.The article concludes that as a whole ,all these linguists have done very important research and critical work regarding the development of Urdu.

تہذیبی بکھراو ( diaspora)اور شناخت کا بحران( زاہدہ حنا کے منتخب افسانے)

2024-09-20T07:27:35+00:00

The term diaspora is used in post-colonial studies of migration. The term is associated with the anthropological and social sciences. Schaeffer, Cohen, and Safran characterize the diaspora as the term diaspora that refers to the Jewish exile and desire to return home. is connected toThe diaspora narrative has two critical dimensions. The first deals with cultural fragmentation and the second with literary theory, particularly in the European colonial system. In the European neo-demographic system, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth centuriesIt made people homeless, which resulted in new discussions of cultureDiaspora wants to maintain its identity in a foreign land, the dimensions of Pakistani diasporic literature begin with writers who migrated to the new country of Pakistan.Most of Zahida Hina's works deal with diaspora. In this article, Zahida Hina's book Raqs Bismal Hai رقص بسمل ہےis reviewed regarding the identity crisis of diaspora.

احمدفرازاورپروین شاکرکی نظم میں مستعمل استعارات کاتقابلی جائزہ

2024-10-01T11:43:39+00:00

“Metaphor is like a soul in Prose and Poetry.Ahmad Faraz’s Poems presents the Metaphors in such Manners that he is protesting againt political, religious, economical and social ill just. While Parween Shakir’s Metaphor structure is based on her innocent feelings and eomotions. Parween Shakir’s eyes are full of tears, in which she has silent protest. So we can say that both Authors has his and her own style of Metaphor in their poems.

اُردو سوانح نگاری میں تصوف کے رجحانات

2024-09-28T15:26:11+00:00

Spirituality is an integral part of our life. Spirituality is a separate place from our material world. From the Islamic point of view, Sufism is the path to the satisfaction of spirituality. There is a vast collection of Sufism in Urdu literature. Urdu language and literature evolved with the Islamic teachings and practices of the most revered Sufies. Our forefathers did the work of reforming the Indian society through Sufism. These Sufies casted a great influence on the culture of the sub-continent. The autobiography of our forefathers are the adornment of Urdu literature.

اردو مضمون نگاری عہد بہ عہد: تحقیق و تجزیہ

2024-10-05T03:26:46+00:00

In the presented article, the evolution of Urdu essay writing has been reviewed. After the meaning and understanding of the essay, this genre has been discussed as a Literary genre and its different periods have been presented in chronological order. The trends that have developed over time in Urdu essay writing are described in this article. In addition to the themes, the introduction of the representative literature of each period is presented with explanations regarding their representative subjects. From the evolutionary review of essay writing, it is clear that all trends of Urdu Language Literature have been presented through this genre.

اردو خاکہ نگاری کا ایک اہم نام، خافی خان

2024-10-05T03:40:45+00:00

In Urdu language and literature, the tradition of sketching has been stable and strong for the last century. Undoubtedly, traces of this genre can be found in the mentions of Urdu poets. And many researchers also recognize Mirza Farhatullah Baig as the first draftsman. But an earlier sketch was written in 1908. Which was written by Yildirim. This article is based on the debate over who is the first draftsman.

In this article, all the technical essentials of sketching like brevity, chronology, characterization, style, etc. will be highlighted and the first sketcher will be identified.

مستنصر حسین کے ناولوں کے نسوانی کردار(قربت ِ مرگ میں محبت،اے غزل شب)

2024-10-08T08:17:40+00:00

Mustanasir Hussain Tarar was born in Lahore. The customs and traditions established in Lahore and its surroundings also had an effect on the personality of Mustanasir Hussain Tarar. His childhood was spent in the streets of Lahore. Civilization and culture influenced them. From eating and drinking to marriage and other ceremonies, the customs and traditions were absorbed in their minds. Mustanasir Hussain Tarar is known in the world of literature. He is a Pakistani writer with a versatile personality. His literature has enlightened new trends in Urdu literature with its colorfulness and charm. He is known as a travel writer, columnist, novelist, fiction writer and dramatist as well as a TV host. Mustanasir Hussain Tarar has presented many social and political events to the readers. His writings are a sign of his perspective and social consciousness. His writings reflect civilization and society in its customs, politics, philosophy. How many cultural scenes and phenomena of history, traditions, superstitions, myths, beliefs and religion have been inhabited. His writings are a prominent example of cultural, civilizational and historical background

بیگم سلطانہ ذاکر ادا ؔکا سفرنامہ "سفر کب تک"ایک عہد کی دستاویز

2024-10-15T15:50:24+00:00

Begum Sultana Zakir Ada was born in Rampur India. After Independence she migrated to Pakistan. Her husband, was a Captain in Army, Firstly, he was stationed in Karachi then in Rawalpindi and Lahore. In Urdu literature, as a Poetess, she got reputation. It’s her quality that she didn't bound herself with Poetry, but in Urdu Prose she distinguished her thoughts, and portrayed her ideas with different sketches.

As for as her Poetry is concerned, three volumes of her poetry had been published. If her poetry is analyzed, there is a depiction of religious touch, she had taken in her family which had a great reputation in the religious domain. She is lucky that she got many opportunities, in Pakistan and abroad to reveal Poetic talent both in Poetry and Prose, especially in woman literature, her name is in on the top of the list.

مستنصر حسین تارڑ کے نسائی کرداروں کا فکری اور فنی جائزہ

2024-10-19T15:37:29+00:00

Characters are the compositional components of a novel, story or story with the help of which the author moves the story forward by giving different twists and turns. The story relates directly to the characters. Nature has given man an interest in other man. Being a social animal, man has consciousness to such an extent that he makes possible constructions with the help of inventions and revelations. These inventions and constructions occur all the time in literature as well as in other areas of life. Muslim is central in the characterization novel and fiction. English drama and novel have given it the status of art. Instead of a plot, the authors create the characters first and then adjust the plot of the story according to the needs of the characters. As in normal human life, the development and evolution of characters is taken care of.

اعجازرحمانی :شخصیت اورفن

2024-10-20T02:44:25+00:00

Ejaz Rahmani was born on February 2, 1936 in the famous city of Aligarh, India. His father's name was Syed Ayub Ali Rahmani. When he was 9 years old, his mother died. When he was 12 years old, his father also left this place. Because of this, he faced great difficulties in getting an educationIn 1954, Ejaz Rahmani migrated from India to Pakistan. In 1958, he got married to his cousin. After that, his second marriage was with Shaheen Bibi, who supported him in every way in his literary journey. He started his literary journey with poetry. His first Naatiya collection was named "Ijaz Mustafa". After that, 5 Naatiya collections and 6 ghazals were published. Apart from this, Ijaz Rahmani was a poet as well as a researcher, critic and prose writer.Ejaz Rahmani will pass away at the age of 83 on October 26, 2019. His funeral prayer was offered on October 27 after Asr. The shining star of Urdu literature has come to an end.

اُردو کی منتخب خواتین ناولٹ نگاروں کے ناولٹوں میں نسوانی مسائل کا اجمالی جائزہ

2024-10-30T18:25:27+00:00

Women face various challenges in society, especially within Indo-Pakistani culture. This article aims to highlight some of these issues, as they hold significance for our society where women make up over 50% of the population. If their challenges are addressed, they could become effective citizens. Historically, women were largely confined to household roles and denied their rights. During British India, some progressive Muslim reformers, like Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan, sought to improve women's social status. They believed that Urdu literature was an effective means to educate and uplift women. Nazir Ahmed was a key figure in this effort.Muhammdi Begum was the first woman to take responsibility for educating women of her time. She wrote three novelettes to raise awareness about women's education and to challenge outdated traditions like child marriage.

سجاد حیدر یلدرم: رومانیت و حقیقت پسندی کا حَسین امتزاج

2024-10-31T17:11:59+00:00

Sajjad Haider Yaldaram's character appears to meet the demands of the modern era. In his short stories, he adeptly reflects social, societal, and political conditions, providing a comprehensive portrayal of both the internal and external dimensions of humanity. He explores the feelings and emotions associated with human happiness, while profoundly sensing the nuances of romanticism. His work demonstrates enlightenment and a keen understanding of the issues of his time, paving the way for a new form of construction in literature.

دیوند راسر کےافسانوی مجموعے’’ پرندے اب کیوں نہیں اڑتے‘‘ کا سماجی تجزیہ

2024-11-01T07:06:23+00:00

The famous fiction writer, critic and intellectual Devand Rasar was born in 1928 and died in 2012 at Delhi. He is known for his thought-provoking writings on the problems, possibilities and implications of literature in the modern era. His fiction includes "Murda Ghr", "Rait aor samader", "Teen khamosh chezain aor aik zard phool", "Purani Tasweer nay rang", "Rooh ka aik lmha aor soli per panch bars", "Bajli Ka khamba", "Kalay gulab ki saleeb", "Siyah thill", "Ham shehr badal gay". His collection "Parinday ab keun nhe urrtay" is presented in this article.

Most of the Stories of "birds don't fly anymore" reveal the bitter truths in life. Apart from exploring the causes of human helplessness and helplessness in the era of materialism and humiliation of humanity in the collection of fictions, this important question has also been raised as to why man has become so weak. That now he wants to live as a pine tree. The pine tree is a metaphor for human bitter life also because when this tree is wounded by its own thorns, the emanation from its body starts reaching its roots. Man is also walking with the burden of his sorrows on his head and the chest of his body also reaches his heels. But just as a pine tree never bows its head down, so a human being never succumbs to sorrows and sufferings till the end. Fiction writers often expose the poisonous facts of life's bitterness in their stories and provoke the reader to think about the humiliation of humanity through their themes.

ن۔م راشدکالسانی شعور

2024-11-10T07:02:13+00:00

M. Rashid's poetry represents a linguistic evolution in Urdu literature, marked by innovative use of themes, emotions, and stylistic devices like metaphors, similes, and symbols. His unique style stands out in both phonetic and syntactic structures, introducing new linguistic expressions and idioms. Rashid's subtle use of literary devices enhances the aesthetic quality of his work, making it a rich tapestry of eloquence. His mastery of rhetorical skills brings depth and refinement to his poetry. Additionally, Rashid's work reflects the global cultural influences of his era, incorporating international references and modernizing the Urdu language. His contributions to the language are pivotal in shaping contemporary Urdu literature. Through his work, Rashid succeeded in blending classical and modern elements. His poetry continues to inspire and influence Urdu literary discourse.

محمد حمید شاہد کی ناول نگاری

2024-11-11T08:20:36+00:00

Muhammad Hameed Shahid is a researcher , critic , fictionist, and novelist. He shown himself as a great creator through his work. He has great command on language that’s why He called Global personality . He has written two novals “Matti Adam khati ha”and “Jung me Mohabbat ki Tasveer Nahi Banti”. In his frist novel , he has written about the reality of human love for his creation (Matti). In secound novel , he has written about East Pakistan . This novel carries the theme of love . According to him, after partition people of East-Pakistan love with Pakistan but the people of Pakistan did not love with Pakistan .He has great insight in the art of charaeterinzation . Through his charactes, he has displayed the reality of social problems and real face of the society .

ساحر لدھیانوی اورقتیل شفائی کی گیت نگاری :اشتراکات

2024-11-15T15:40:39+00:00

Sahir Ludhiani's real name was Abdul Hai. His first collection of poetry "Talkhiyaan" was published in 1942. He started composing film lyrics in 1950. Gurudat invited him to write songs for his film Baazi, he also wrote songs for Sahir Ludhianvi's memorable film Payasa. Sahir was from Ludhianvi. It was Ramesh Sehgal's film. Especially "Sare Jahan Se Usha Hindustan Hamara, Rahe Ko Ghar Nahi Hai Sara Jahan Hamara" set new popularity records. Apart from this, he also wrote songs for Neel Kamal, Devdas, Mumbai Ka Babu, Hum Both, Naya Dur, Vaqt, Trishul, Taj Mahal, Daag, Kabhi Kabhi, Dasan and many other films. Majority of his films were very successful at the box office. His songs were composed by SD Burman, RD Burman, Khayyam, Roshan, Shankar Jay Kishan and Roshan. He received several awards including the Filmfare Award. Sahar Ludhianvi is said to be highly paid. His greatest virtue was that he never compromised on quality.

Aurangzeb Khan Qatil Shafai songwriting started together when he wrote the songs for our first film when he was 28 years old. Hazrat Tanveer Naqvi's name was already authentic, now Qatil Shafai has also become authentic. In 1947, a filmmaker from Lahore 'Dewan Sardari Lal' offered him to write songs for his upcoming film "Teri Yaad". As he progressed step by step, he became the top film lyricist of India and Pakistan.

Qatil Shifai considers Hafeez Jalandhri as the founder of lyricism in Urdu and Hazrat Tanveer Naqvi as the founder of film songs. Tanveer Naqvi and Sahir Ludhianvi are the poets who first recognized the film lyricists as literary poets, which was sealed by Qatil Shafai. All of them gave time to literature as well as lyrics in films.

It would not be wrong to say that Qatil Shafai was a pro-Kuroman poet, whose poetry remained on everyone's tongue. But critics believe that he was actually the best film lyricist, whose songs even after the passing of years still evoke a sense of love and freshness in the mind. This Article is based on the similarities among the Filmsongs of Qatil Shifai and Sahir Ludhiani.

محمد حمید شاہد کی ناول نگاری

2024-11-15T15:54:12+00:00

گلزار بخاری کی غزل کے داخلی عناصر اور سماجی اثر پذیری __ تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2024-11-15T16:05:09+00:00

In the present era of Urdu Literature, Gulzar Bukhari is a vital name that keeps the tradition of ghazal alive. Gulzar Bukhari is a vibrant voice in Urdu ghazal. Ghazal has proven to be the forefront of Gulzar Bukhari's creative essence. With utmost maturity, he has made invaluable contributions to the world of poetry and literature through his collection 'Hawa Patay Giraaye Gi' (published by Amir Publications, Lahore in 2013). This collection comprises 66 ghazals, upholding the highest traditions of ghazal.

ناول ’’دستک نہ دو‘‘ میں سماجی مسائل کی عکاسی

2024-11-17T06:34:19+00:00

Altaf Fatima was a brilliant Pakistani urdu novelist, fiction writer and translator. She enriched the literature with many unique novels, fiction collections and translations in a period of more than a half century. In the modern Urdu literary tradition, Altaf Fatima's name is synonymous with narrative structure and plot experiments. Her masterpiece novel is DASTAK NA DO which was published in 1966 by Feroz Sons, Lahore. This is a very wonderful novel of a different kind with amazing characters. Altaf Fatima's immense fame and popularity has been due to this memorable novel of hers. This novel has also been included in the Urdu curriculum. It was translated into English language and also dramatized on PTV. Artistically, descriptive analytical technique has been used and it has a symbolic status but from an intellectual point of view, the facts and bitterness of life are highlighted in this story, which is related to almost every person. The glimpse of our social problems is visible. Geeti Ara failure in love, Sang's bad behaviour with Safdar Yaseen, Amma Begum's attitude towards children, all these the causes and consequences of the class division of our society. These social problems, issues that have been tried to be brought before the public in this novel with the reflection of the nuances of human emotions, love and prejudices are being identified in this article.

اسلامی فکر و تہذیب، تشکیل جدید و احیاء کے لیےمولانا ابو الحسن ندوی کی فکر سے استفادہ کا طریقہ کار

2024-07-30T15:51:21+00:00

Maulana Abul Hasan Nadwi Atim was a thinker, reformer, thinker, historian, scholar of religion. His thought and analysis were moderate and balanced. He analyzed Islamic and Western civilization on the basis of deep study, and did not allow nihilism to arise in it. He highlighted the aspects of universality, universality and perpetuity of Islamic civilization with arguments. Some clear words from the West, Maulana has written in these books how it is possible to modernize Islamic thought and civilization and how Western civilization can be used. Its salient principles and how Muslims should behave about it. He has proposed another plan of action for the Muslim Ummah through the understanding of the West in an analytical style that the strength of faith must be strengthened, therefore distrust, feelings of inferiority and spiritual weakness must be abandoned, and one must realize one's position because the Ummah The Muslim Ummah is a call and the Ummah is good, Islam commands the conquest of the universe, the West can be used in the pursuit of sciences and arts in scientific and material development, religion does not interfere with it, and adopted it as an intellectual process. Because a civilization can benefit from the knowledge and cultural heritage before it. The Muslim Ummah has to create dynamism and abandon the status quo. Adhering to the words and spirit of Islamic texts, the work of interpretation and interpretation must be done according to the Muslim principles of ijtihad. Much effort has been made to clarify what the mechanism might be.

اکابر صوفیا ء اور نقد تصوف :تحقیقی جائزہ

2024-08-02T18:32:32+00:00

If sufism is evaluated, it has been criticized on many dimensions. For example, sufism as a term has been criticized. The history and evolution of sufism has also been criticized. Some people have also criticized the deeds of sophia. The nature of those who criticize her is also different. Some of those who criticize sufism are those who completely deny sufism. After that, some scholars criticized sufism for the sake of the term. It is not possible to shed light on all aspects of sufism in this article. It will be analyzed only on the term and definition of sufism.

السيد رشد الله الراشدي خدماته في الأدب العربي

2024-08-18T05:21:03+00:00

There rose many scholars who rendered their services in one field of Arabic Literature or the other. But there is seldom mention of Rushad Ullah Rashid’s whoe services for the spread of Arabic Literature. Rushad Ullah is exceptionally and tremendously did the same. He has dedicated his energies for this sacred mission for centuries. This artile is an effort to encompass the services of Rushad Ullah Rashidi of Sindh in the field of Arabic Literature.

اخلاقیات کو نظر انداز کرنے اور برے کاموں کے ارتکاب کے ناکامی پر اثرات کا تجزیہ

2024-08-28T16:32:30+00:00

The true criterion of good, bad, success, failure, improvement and deterioration is piety and not color, appearance, race, ancestry, wealth or wealth etc. The standard of goodness is based on the piety of the person and not on the principles of external qualities or material wealth. It enlightens human beings on the basis of equality, respect and justice with each other. The standard of goodness may be based on piety, which may be moral, ethical, spiritual or socially derived. Taqwa is a general concept that includes the ability to live in accordance with religious and legislative concepts, adherence to Shari'a orders, practical implementation of virtues, adherence to moral principles, social respect, etc.

The standard of good and bad is based on the principles of Sharia. Shariah refers to the Islamic laws and regulations that are based on the decrees of Allah and the life of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Since the standard of goodness in Islamic Shariah is based on piety. A good person is one who strictly fulfills the Shariah injunctions and adopts moral principles. He fasts, prays, pays zakat, respects the rights of Allah and the rights of his servants, acts faithfully, gives charity, helps the oppressed, and fulfills the rights of others.

Similarly, the standard of evil is also based on Shari'ah. A bad person is one who violates Shari'a orders, commits evil deeds, neglects moral principles, oppresses others, makes fake and forbidden earnings, leads others astray.

تحفۃ المسلم شرح صحیح مسلم ازمولانا عبدالعزیز علوی کے اسلوب و منہج کا تحقیقی جائزہ

2024-09-11T06:04:57+00:00

After the Holy Quran, Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim are the most authentic and important books. These books have been accepted by the Ummah. Different types of interpretations of these books have come to light in different periods. Scholars have also done a lot of work on the interpretations of Sahih Muslim. One of these Sharhas is "Tohfat al-Muslim Sharh Sahih Muslim". Its author is Mawlana Abdul Aziz Alvi۔ He belongs to Jamia Salafia Faisalabad. They have been holding Masnad Hadith there for a long time. He has been teaching Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim for more than 50 years۔ He has compiled this interpretation of his very painstakingly and meticulously. In this interpretation, he has considered various important aspects. One of the most prominent features of this interpretation is that it takes brevity into account۔ In this compilation, he has explained the difficult parts of hadith in an easy way۔ The opinions of the jurists have been described in the statement of jurisprudential issues. It has also listed the explanations of difficult words. He has also recorded the explanation of the translations of the Headings of the chapters at the relevant places. The most prominent feature of his interpretation is that it also covers modern jurisprudential problems, modern economic problems, and modern social problems. Similarly, he has also talked about reforming the society in it. In today's time, this interpretation is an important rate in every respect, so in view of this importance, its method and style are being described in the following lines.

آزاد جموں و کشمیر کے گجر بکروال قبائل میں عبادات کے معمولات کاجائزہ

2024-09-11T06:10:00+00:00

The Gujjar Bakarwal tribes are the pastoral. The Gujjar Bakarwal is a unique and significant ethnic group of Jammu and Kashmir.They are dependent largely on goat,sheep and horse keeping. Nomadic herding and migration to different pastures and mountains. They migrate with their goats, sheep, horses and dogs from lower land to highly hilly areas in the search of green grass meadows for their cattles. They walk on foot per day 20-25 kilometeres and some time above from its. The Gujjar Bakarwal tribes’culture is a unique and vibrant of Islamic traditions ,tribal customs and nomadic practices. Their strong social structure, religious values ,hospitality and resilience have shaped their distinct cultural identity.

برصغیر کے متجددانہ تفسیر ی ادب میں ما بعدالطبیعات مباحث:ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

2024-09-19T11:37:02+00:00

In subcontinent, significant contributions to the exegetical literature on the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an have emerged. Among these, modern styles of exegesis have gained considerable popularity. Notable modernist scholars, such as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Ahmad Pervez, Allama Inayatullah Mashriqi, Aslam Jirajpuri, Abdullah Chakralvi, Amir Ali, Chiragh Ali, and Ahmed Din Amratsari, have made distinct contributions to this field. The exegetical works produced by these scholars differ markedly from the traditional exegesis of Jamhoor and the Salaf, representing a separate genre of Quranic interpretation. Within this genre, numerous exegetical discussions have been explored across various fields. However, there remains a gap in the scholarly evaluation of discussions related to metaphysical themes. This article aims to address this gap by critically reviewing the metaphysical discussions found in the exegetical literature of selected modernist scholars. The Qur'an, as the primary source of Islamic teachings, has a profound influence on the lives of Muslims. Its interpretation, therefore, directly impacts the moral and behavioral conduct of the Muslim community. If the Qur'an is interpreted in accordance with divine principles, it leads to positive outcomes in ethics and actions. Conversely, interpretations driven by human desires and arbitrary reasoning can lead to moral corruption and spiritual blindness. The past two centuries have witnessed scientific revolutions that have influenced global philosophies and academic disciplines, including Quranic exegesis. A group of modern commentators has been so deeply influenced by contemporary science and ideologies that they began interpreting the divine text through the lens of modern thought. While modern science acknowledges only the material world, it has somewhat preserved natural themes in the Qur'an. However, it has also led to the questioning and reinterpretation of fundamental Quranic concepts such as the existence of God, the creation of the universe, the existence of Adam and Eve, Heaven, Revelation, Angels, Jinn, Satan, the afterlife, Ascension, Miracles, Fate, and the reality of Heaven and Hell.Given that the scientific method is continuously evolving, there is a growing tendency to dismiss anything that lies beyond human comprehension. It is crucial to investigate these topics to ensure that future generations can access the true meanings of the Holy Qur'an. In light of this necessity, this article presents a research endeavor aimed at exploring and clarifying these metaphysical themes within the context of modernist exegesis.

اسلام میں اخلاقی تعلیمات کا جائزہ

2024-09-27T02:54:33+00:00

Among the virtues of Islam and its highest virtues, social, economic and social manners have the first priority. Compared to other religions, the religion of Islam has secured the rights of all the big and small while organizing the individual and collective good so that every human being can Sanctity, sanctity and personality and respect remained. If a person does not learn good manners it means that he has denied the order of Allah, Good manners, truth, honesty, purity and positive code of conduct, all these qualities elevate the morals and character of a person, but at the same time, human beings also have low tendencies, which are called bad morals. The birth of things like hatred, anger, arrogance, Such type of people are called an animals in the light of Quranic verses. It is necessary to correct them, otherwise a person will not be able to get pleasure of Allah Almighty. On the contrary, if a person makes tolerance, humility and the motto, then there will be self-civility. Man will become the beloved of Allah.The people of Allah will also love him. Similarly, along with individual improvement, a better society will come into existence that will live according to the principles of Sharia.

احادیث سے استشہاد و استدلال : شیخ عبد العزیز دباغ کے منہج کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2024-10-05T10:21:54+00:00

Shaikh ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Dabbāgh was a Sufi scholar of the Shazlīya order who was bestowed with infused knowledge (i.e. the inspired knowledge of secrets and Gnostics). Besides Sufism, he was adept in all Islamic sciences. By virtue of his majestic personality and his command over Islamic sciences, he described many facts about Hadith, Islamic Law and Tafseer. This article is an attempt to discuss his scholarly viewpoints about the narrations of Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). These views were recorded by his disciple Aḥmad bin Mubārak who questioned about the denotation and connotation of some Hadiths. These views have been documented in a book namely “Al-Abrīz” (Pure Gold). In particular, this study aims at to present the viewpoints of Shaikh ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Dabbāgh about the Hadith. He has some specific features about the explanation of hadith which were different from other Scholars of his time. In this study, his clarifications and elucidations about the Hadith has been described in detail and distinctiveness from other Scholars has been focused.

تحفظ ختم نبوت اور محمد متین خالد کی خدمات: تحقیقی مطالعہ

2024-10-06T15:19:29+00:00

The protection of the belief in the Finality of Prophethood and the refutation of Qadianism has been a cause taken up by scholars and religious leaders throughout history. Among the prominent figures who have played a crucial role in this cause in Pakistan is Muhammad Mateen Khalid. He is regarded as a specialist in refuting Qadianism, and his literary contributions are both exemplary and commendable. With nearly one hundred books published, his works have gained recognition worldwide. Khalid's contributions extend beyond that of an individual; his dedication has effectively undertaken the role that entire institutions have strived to achieve. His writings address various aspects of Qadianism, presenting logical, theological, and historical arguments to protect the sanctity of the belief in the Finality of Prophethood. This article presents an introductory review of some of his most significant works and highlights his role in the preservation of orthodox Islamic beliefs. The study also delves into how his writings have influenced public awareness and played a key role in countering misleading ideologies. Mateen Khalid’s tireless efforts serve as an inspiration for others and offer a roadmap for those committed to the cause of safeguarding the Muslim faith against distortion.

بیسویں صدی میں تحقیق و تدوینِ حدیث کے جدید مناہج :ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

2024-10-06T17:14:54+00:00

The 20th century witnessed significant developments in the field of Hadith compilation and research, driven by advancements in technology and scholarship. The evolving methodologies of Hadith research during this era played a crucial role in preserving Islamic traditions. This article explores key milestones in Hadith compilation, focusing on the impact of modern printing technologies, the role of orientalists in Hadith studies, and the introduction of contemporary research principles and methods.The problem addressed is the lack of a comprehensive understanding of how these developments transformed the study of Hadith in the 20th century, a period marked by both the preservation and modernization of Islamic scholarship. This research aims to analyze the significance of these developments and their lasting influence on contemporary Hadith scholarship.Key objectives of this study include examining the role of printing technology in the mass distribution of Hadith literature, assessing the contribution of orientalists to Hadith research, and exploring how modern technological tools, such as digital databases and computational methods, have revolutionized Hadith authentication and analysis.The expected results of this research highlight the integration of modern technology and traditional Islamic principles in Hadith studies, making Hadith literature more accessible while maintaining scholarly rigor. Additionally, this study will shed light on how contemporary Hadith research principles have reshaped the field, setting a foundation for future scholarship.

تفسیر"حسنِ تفسیر" از ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد ناصر کے اسلوب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

2024-11-05T06:43:33+00:00

After the Prophet’s death, the sahabah turned to those among themselves who were more gifted in understanding the Quran and who had been able to spend more time with the Prophet for interpretation and explanation of the Quran. The word tafseer, which comes from the verb fassara, literally means an explanation or an exposition, as in the verse, and wisdom derived. These steps have been deduced for making correct tafseer of the Quran: Tafseer of Quran by Quran, introduces that there are many places in the Quran where questions are asked in order to catch the mind of the reader and subsequently answered to increase the impact of the concept in question. This self-explanatory process is referred to as tafseer of the Quran by the Quran. Tafseer of Quran by the Sunnah, tells that the Prophet added further clarification to various verses of the Quran. Allah had entrusted the job of explaining the Quran to the Prophet. In Tafseer of Quran by Athar, Whenever the shabah could not find the tafseer of a passage in the Quran itself or in the Sunnah, they used their own reasoning based on their knowledge of the contexts of the verses. With the passage of time, words took on new meanings and old meanings became lost, foreign words entered into the language, and vast sections of vocabulary fell into disuse, then Tafseer by language was introduced. Dr. Naseer Ahmad Nasir was a notable Islamic scholar and philosopher from Pakistan, Dr. Naseer Ahmad Nasir's important contribution to philosophy was his research on Aesthetics and its foundations in Quran. In this article we will explain the style and procedure of writing this tafseer and explain how it is differed to other tafaseer. With the descriptive methodology we will discuss style of writing of “Hosn e Tafseer”. Purpose to write this article is to introduce a different style of writing the Tafseer and interpretations of Quran.

Sociophonetic Analysis of /əʊ/ Diphthong in Pakistani English: Pronunciation Patterns and Phonological Implications

2024-07-29T08:57:02+00:00

This study explores the distinct phonological features of Pakistani English. It is an experimental study andthe main purpose of this research is to highlight the phonological development of PakE and its separate position as an indigenous variety of English formed by regional linguistic contexts. It is a mixed method approach and Sociophonetics (Foulkes & Docherty, 2006) is used as a theoretical framework along with Uriel Weinreich’s language contact theory (1950s). Researchers use the convenience sampling method to select the participants. A total of 30 participants (20 females and 10 males) are selected from a private college of Sialkot, Pakistan. All participants are enrolled in BS program and are between the age of 20 to 25. The word list for the research purposes contains 30 different words.Each word contains /əʊ/ sound. The words are selected randomly from everyday life. The data is recorded in speechanalyzer software PRAAT (Boersma & Weenink, n.d.) in a peaceful environment and then analyzed carefully. The recorded responses compared to standard British Englishand resultsrevealedPakEas an indigenized non-native variety with distinctive pronunciation patterns and phonological implications.The influence of regional languages, educational variations and geographical differences become a cause of these differences.Future studies should involve a wider range of participants from various age groups and educational backgrounds in order to broaden the area of phonological analysis in Pakistani English, analyzing other diphthongs as well. With this approach, a thorough grasp of the phonological evolution and variations in Pakistani English will be possible.

Beyond British English: Exploring the Nuances of Closing Diphthongs /ɑɪ/, /eɪ/, and /ɔɪ/ in Pakistani English

2024-07-29T09:01:58+00:00

Phonological variance is a recognized phenomenon when it comes to speaking a second language. The current study aims to examine the unique phonological traits of Pakistani English pronunciations with particular attention to a set of closing diphthongs /ɑɪ/, /eɪ/, and /ɔɪ/ ending with /ɪ/ sound. For this purpose, the study used the descriptive method to explore the phonetic pattern variations among Pakistani and Standard British English pronunciations. By following the convenience sampling technique, ten participants from a private sector university in Sialkot Pakistan, are selected as a sample. A list of common words targeting selected diphthongs was provided to students, they were asked to pronounce them one after another. By employing PRAAT speech analyzing software, the obtained data suggests that Pakistani English holds distinct phonological features due to the influence of native Urduized pronunciation. Significant differences in diphthongs were found by formant value analysis (F1 & F2), with PakE showing greater values than RP. Enclosing the fact that indigenous languages and regional accents have influenced the pronunciation of PakE. The observed formant patterns may be further influenced by variances in diphthong phonemes introduced by these dialects. This work expands our comprehension of this ever-changing variant of English by allowing us to examine how regional dialects impact additional aspects of PakE phonology.

THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN REDUCING STUDENT’S ACADEMIC DISHONESTY IN PUNJAB

2024-07-25T10:55:36+00:00

Academic dishonesty remains a pressing issue in higher education, with significant implications for academic integrity and institutional credibility. This study explores the role of university management in mitigating academic dishonesty among graduate and post-graduate students in public sector universities in Lahore, Punjab. Utilizing a quota sampling technique, the research involved a sample of 150 students (80 males and 70 females) across 25 public universities in the province. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with students and university administrators. The findings highlight varying levels of concern and awareness regarding academic dishonesty, with significant differences in the enforcement and effectiveness of management practices. Proactive strategies, including robust policy frameworks, regular staff training, and comprehensive student awareness programs, are identified as key to reducing academic dishonesty. The study underscores the need for improved management practices to enhance academic integrity in Punjab's higher education institutions.

EXPLORING PROBLEMS FACED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGE

2024-07-25T11:02:01+00:00

This article explores the multifaceted challenges faced by secondary school students in learning English as a second language (ESL). It identifies key issues such as linguistic complexities, psychological barriers, and cultural influences that hinder language acquisition. English's irregular spelling and complex grammar pose significant hurdles, while psychological factors such as language anxiety and fossilization affect students' confidence and motivation. Additionally, cultural differences and limited exposure to authentic English-speaking environments contribute to learning difficulties. The article emphasizes the need for a reevaluation of teaching methodologies to address these challenges effectively. Recommendations include enhancing teacher training programs, incorporating multimodal learning resources, promoting collaborative learning activities, implementing regular feedback mechanisms, fostering a positive learning environment, and integrating cultural contexts into lessons. By adopting these strategies, educators can better support students' language learning journeys and help them overcome barriers to English proficiency. This study underscores the importance of developing holistic, inclusive, and culturally responsive teaching practices to improve ESL education and empower students in a globalized world.

Netflix Era: Violence as Effect on Youth

2024-07-25T11:17:48+00:00

The rise of streaming platforms like Netflix has revolutionized the way youth consume media. With thousands of movies and TV shows at their fingertips, young viewers have unprecedented access to programming that contains explicit violence. The potential impact of this exposure is a growing concern for parents, educators, and researchers alike. This research paper aims to explore the relationship between violence in media, specifically in Netflix programming, and its effect on youth. Drawing on existing literature and primary data collected through surveys and interviews, the paper investigates the potential effects of violent media on young viewers. The literature review examines various theories and empirical studies that have explored the impact of media violence on youth, including desensitization, aggressive behavior, and desensitization to real-life violence. The primary data collected includes surveys and interviews with young people who are regular viewers of Netflix programming that contains violence.

The findings of the study suggest a correlation between exposure to violent media and negative outcomes for youth, including increased aggression, desensitization to violence, and a reduced ability to empathize with victims of violence. However, the study also finds that not all youth are affected equally by exposure to violent media and that individual differences and contextual factors can moderate the effects of violent media. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the importance of responsible media consumption, parental monitoring, and potential regulatory measures. The paper concludes by suggesting avenues for future research in this area and highlights the importance of ongoing dialogue and collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and media producers to promote healthier media consumption habits for young people.

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF BULLYING ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT'S SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

2024-07-28T12:23:21+00:00

This study explores the profound impact of bullying on secondary school students' self-esteem and academic achievement through a quantitative research approach. A sample of 300 students from various secondary schools participated in the study by completing surveys that measured their experiences with bullying, self-esteem levels, and academic performance. The findings highlight the alarming prevalence of bullying, with 60% of students reporting verbal bullying, 30% experiencing physical bullying, and 20% encountering cyberbullying. The analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between bullying and self-esteem (r = -0.65 p < 0.01), as well as between bullying and academic achievement (r = -0.50, p < 0.01). Regression analyses further confirmed that bullying significantly predicts lower self-esteem (β = -0.65, p < 0.001) and decreased GPA (β = -0.50, p < 0.001). Additionally, ANOVA results indicated significant differences in self-esteem and GPA across various levels of bullying frequency (p < 0.001). These findings underscore the critical need for comprehensive, evidence-based anti-bullying interventions in schools to mitigate the adverse effects of bullying on students' psychological well-being and academic performance. The study calls for coordinated efforts involving educators, parents, and policymakers to create a supportive and inclusive school environment that fosters student well-being and academic success.

INFLUENCE OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSIONS AND CREATIVITY ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP.

2024-07-28T12:26:13+00:00

This study examines the influence of artistic expressions and creativity on transformative educational leadership. By integrating qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study explores how incorporating artistic practices in educational leadership can foster innovation, enhance problem-solving skills, and promote a more inclusive and engaging learning environment. The findings suggest that leaders who embrace creativity and artistic expressions are better equipped to inspire and motivate their teams, leading to improved educational outcomes and a positive school culture. The research highlights the importance of fostering an environment where creativity is valued and integrated into leadership practices, ultimately contributing to the development of more dynamic and effective educational leaders.

An Acoustic Analysis of Diphthongs in Pakistani and British English

2024-07-29T09:10:12+00:00

This study investigates the acoustic differences in closing diphthongs between Pakistani English and Standard British Pronunciation. Both quantitative and qualitative research design were employed, and speech samples were collected from 20 participants (20 Pakistani English speakers including female and male). Acoustic analysis was conducted using Praat speech analyzer software. To analyze the selected sixteen words with closing diphthongs in different linguistic context, this study examined the variation of closing diphthongs in Pakistani English (a non-native English variety) by applying the Input Hypothesis (Krashen, 1982) with a focus on the 'i' component.. The results show significant differences in the acoustic parameters of closing diphthongs between Pakistani English pronunciation and British pronunciation. Specifically, Pakistani English speakers produced diphthongs with less inclination towards [əʊ] sounds and replace closing diphthong sounds with the short vowel sound [o] and the diphthong [aʊ] is pronounced as [ao] and [o].

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT ON STARTUP SUCCESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DIGITAL LITERACY

2024-08-06T13:03:34+00:00

As growing businesses in the present society demand the use of social media marketing and consumer engagement coupled with varying levels of digital literacy to attain at least basic growth The lack of these developments poses the following research questions, which explore the correlation between social media marketing, consumer engagement, digital literacy and basic growth, as well as the mediating effect of this digital literacy on the effects of social media marketing and the resultant media defines the method used in this study as predominantly. The first variable investigated was social media marketing (IV). The second variable was customer engagement (DV for social media marketing but IV for other variables). The third variable was called ‘digital literacy’, which was the mediator of both consumer engagement and startup success. The last variable studied in this research was the startup success. It has also been found that all four effects are statistically significant and all the specific relations are also significant. SM marketing influences customer engagement which in turn affects startup success positively. Digital literacy is becoming a significant moderate, positively influencing customer engagement and startup success. From these findings, we can conclude that the effective use of social networks, the use of customer relations, and, finally, digital competencies are critical for startups.

COMPREHENDING A NARRATIVE THROUGH STRUCTURE: A NARRATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TALAT ABBASI’S SHORT FICTION

2024-08-06T13:19:21+00:00

Pakistani literature in English, specifically women’s narratives, has been in the spotlight in the glocal literary landscape for the past few decades. Researchers and academics passionately explore feminist elements and mechanics of women's narratives. The present study aims to study the short fictional narrative of Talat Abbasi using the Barthesian narratological model as a research framework. The researchers conclude that Barthesian codes help comprehend Pakistani women’s narratives. Exploring and understanding Pakistani literature in English, particularly through women's short narratives, holds significant value and insight. This research makes a substantial and valuable contribution to the current academic literature. It enhances our understanding of how Barthesian codes can be used to analyze and interpret literary works, adding depth and insight to existing scholarship.

EXAMINING PAKISTANI POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND PRINT MEDIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2024-08-07T09:15:22+00:00

Print media discourse has a significant impact on how popular thought is shaped both internally and outside. The target audience is hegemonic and is being forced to behave in a way that the target audience wants them to by employing this sneaky weapon. Newspapers are a vital medium for disseminating the greatest concepts and real-world examples to the general public. This study deliberated at how politics is taught and covered in different media settings by doing a critical analysis (CDA) of Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers. Data for the study was gathered by Express and Daily Dawn. The aforementioned story garnered attention despite only being published in English and Urdu publications. The period of data collecting is April 1 through May 31, 2023. The subtleties of political narratives, ideologies, and processes in Pakistani media are examined in this study. A redesigned research model that combined the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) models of Dijk (2003) and Fairclough (2015) was used to analyze the data. This study investigates rhetoric, political rhetoric, and rhetorical techniques used by newspapers to develop and spread political ideas through a qualitative analysis utilizing the CDA framework. This research examines and assesses the existence, influence, and portrayal of several political activities—including but not exclusive to liberal, conservative, religious, and trust engagements—in a number of Pakistani publications. It also looks at the ways in which power dynamics in media discourse and cultural and historical settings interact with this idea. This research offers an insight of the intricacies and dynamics of standing media in Pakistani contexts and power relations in media discourse. By analyzing how newspapers spread and influence political culture, this study provides insight into the intricacies and dynamics of standing media in the Pakistani environment. According to the research, terrorism, politics, and the Pakistan Army's portrayal were the three main topics in the news in Urdu newspapers. The survey did discover, however, that business, social issues, violence, representation of the Pakistan Army, and national and international politics are among the subjects discussed in English-language newspapers. The impact on public discourse, democratic processes, and thought in Pakistani and international society is demonstrated, and it advances our understanding of the relationship between media, politics, and ideology. The target market believed that one of the greatest venues for ideological marketing was the media.

UNVEILING THE BUFFERING ROLE OF INTERPERSONAL TRUST: AN EXAMINATION OF AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP AND HARMONIOUS PASSION INTERPLAY

2024-08-07T17:32:05+00:00

The study explores positive association among authentic leadership & knowledge sharing with employees, carried out with passion as mediator and interpersonal trust as moderator. Using quantitative techniques, the data collected from diverse samples across various public sector university employees in Peshawar region. Convenience sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 400 participants. Moreover, study reveals authentic leadership significantly positive relationship via knowledge sharing. Also, harmonious passion identified mediating influence via authentic Leadership & knowledge sharing, emphasizing employees' passion of translating authentic leadership behaviors into increased engagement and knowledge sharing. Moreover, the study uncovered interpersonal trust moderating between authentic leadership and work outcomes. Moreover, elevated interpersonal trust enhanced authentic Leadership's positive effects on work engagement and knowledge sharing, whereas lower levels of trust weakened these relationships. The research findings hold essential theoretical and practical implications.

EMOJIS ROLE IN THE COMMUNICATION: INTERESTING AND AMAZING EXPRESSIONS

2024-08-08T11:53:26+00:00

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is crucial in shaping the evolution of emoji usage, especially within touch-based smartphone interfaces. As technology progresses, frequent updates introduce new emojis, cementing their integral role in digital communication. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing emoji use in HCI, which enhances communication effectiveness and user satisfaction. Emojis have fundamentally transformed text-based communication by enabling users to convey nuanced emotions and prevent miscommunication in the absence of vocal cues. They offer a broader spectrum of emotional expression compared to traditional text alone. This study focuses on examining the frequency and perception of emojis among traditional-aged college students (ages 16-25 above). College students, being heavy users of technology and influencers of personal tech trends, serve as an ideal demographic for this study. By applying insights from Linguistics to HCI, this interdisciplinary approach aims to advance emoji development and maintenance in technology. This research explores how college students integrate emojis into their communication practices, their perceptions of emoji effectiveness, and their influence on digital interactions. By bridging linguistics with HCI, this study contributes to enhancing technological innovations that support richer and more effective communication through emojis.

Managing Global Affairs: Approaches to Conflict Resolution in International Relation

2024-08-09T17:19:09+00:00

This article critically examines the intricacies of global affairs, focusing on conflict resolution and the establishment of lasting peace. It aims to clarify the multifaceted nature of conflicts, the roles of various actors involved, and the approaches used to alleviate tensions and promote reconciliation. The paper explores the importance of diplomatic relations, negotiations, conciliation, and mediation in resolving and managing disputes. It also investigates the contributions of international organizations and regional initiatives in encouraging peaceful dispute settlement through dialogue. The study underscores the need for comprehensive approaches that address underlying factors and advance reconciliation, justice, and sustainable development. It urges the international community to support collaborative efforts to assist domestic actors and advance inclusive peacebuilding strategies. This academic article provides significant insights into the dynamics, challenges, and strategies for fostering stability and harmony in a rapidly changing world, offering theoretical and practical guidance for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners in conflict resolution.

FAITH, FEMINISM AND FREEDOM: AN ISLAMIC FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF SHAHID NADEEM’S PLAY BLACK IS MY ROBE/ KALA MEDA BHAIS

2024-08-13T09:07:16+00:00

The research study will examine the Islamic feminist aspects of Shahid Nadeem's play Black is My Robe (2009), also known as Kala Meda Bhais. Nadeem, a renowned writer, frequently confronts social issues via fascinating storytelling, and his presentation of women's rights and gender equality provides a unique perspective on the convergence of religion, culture, and feminism. The study of the play seeks to expose and address the plight of Pakistani women living in remote areas of Cholistan, Pakistan. The study incorporates the Islamic Feminist perspective of Asma Barlas, a well-known Islamic Feminist theorist. Based on a true incident from interior Sindh, the selected play's genesis adds to the significance of analysing it from an Islamic Feminist perspective. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of advocating for women's rights in Pakistan. Furthermore, the Islamic feminist approach is founded on women's rights and privileges in Islam. This will assist in demolishing misogynist gender politics, which are founded on patriarchal interpretations of Islamic ideals.

CODE SWITCHING AND LANGUAGE CONTACT IN SCENARIO OF BILINGUAL/MULTILINGUAL SOCIETY AS A SPOKEN GENRE OF TV ADDS: AN AGENDA FOR PAKISTANI SOCIETY.

2024-08-31T04:12:48+00:00

This article provides a descriptive qualitative account of code-switching, which refers to switching from one language to another or using multiple languages when speaking or writing. This study deals with intra sentence (within one sentence) code switching in the language of television commercials. To facilitate the sociolinguistic analysis, 12 commercials for beauty and health products were recorded and transcribed from four television channels. Linguistic analysis focuses on the social aspect of the code-switching language used in those advertisements (sex, geographic background, socioeconomic class, and education). Based on the analysis and findings, it is concluded that the language of advertisements for beauty and health products reflects the changing language practices and preferences of Pakistani consumers.

Simulacra and Simulation: A Postmodern Feminist Study of Bina Shah’s Novel Before She Sleeps

2024-08-16T06:00:21+00:00

This study explores Bina Shah’s novel Before She Sleeps, under the perspective of Postmodern Feminism specifically focusing on Baudrillard’s concept of Simulacra and Simulation. The research examines a number of traditional feminist norms, exhibited in the novel through its setting and the protagonist. It also utilizes Baudrillard’s concepts of Simulacra and Simulation to explore the control over the protagonist Sabine while she lives in ‘Panah’, an imaginary land created within the setting of the novel. She The study combines textual analysis and qualitative research methodology to depict the hegemony of the dystopian world of the novel and how the characters grapple with the situation. The research applies the principles of postmodern feminism particularly Baudrillard’s concept of Simulacra and Simulation. The findings show that even though the characters particularly the protagonist, Sabine are entrapped within the dystopian setting of the novel but they have the resilience and courage to overcome the hegemony by not only leaving the traditional norms but also find several ways to liberate themselves.

Impact Of Supply Chain Collaboration and Supply Chain Flexibility on Operational Performance: Mediating Role of Digital Technologies

2024-08-16T06:49:42+00:00

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of digital technologies on the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain flexibility on the operational performance of private hospitals in Pakistan. The study used a quantitative research paradigm and cross-sectional survey research design. Percipients of the study were 229 managers and administrators from private hospitals in Pakistan. As hypothesized in this study, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to provide estimates of the relationships between the study variables. The findings of this study confirmed the direct effect of supply chain collaboration, supply chain flexibility and digital technologies on operational performance. Furthermore, the study revealed a partial mediation effect of digital technologies between supply chain collaboration and operational performance in private hospitals in Pakistan. This finding has practical implications for the management of private hospitals in Pakistan, empowering them with actionable insights. It highlights the importance of nurturing strong supply chain relationships, strategically adopting digital technologies, and aligning digital transformation with supply chain improvement efforts. The study also suggests that enhancing organizational collaboration and flexibility and leveraging big data for decision-making can be effective strategies for improving the operational performance of private hospitals.

“Inspiring Hope, Accelerating Peace and Progress: A Discourse Analysis of Social Change and Sustainability" on Speech by Sima Bahous

2024-08-18T06:38:30+00:00

This study focuses on the textual analysis of the speech of Sima Bahous (UN Women Executive Director) opting a Multi Modal Discourse Analysis to find out can discourse of hope and progress, influence of power relations and role of language to accelerate social identities and relationships. The findings show that language has a powerful role in developing power relations and shaping the discourse of hope and progress. The study concludes that the speaker uses appropriate, commissive and assertive and authoritative language along with complex syntactical structures coined with rhetorical devices e.g., alliteration, similes, metaphors and cohesive devices which made her speech more powerful and influential.

ASSESSING MICROCREDIT EFFECT ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF PAKISTAN

2024-08-22T10:11:28+00:00

This study examines the impact of microcredit on poverty reduction and women's empowerment in Pakistan. Despite global efforts to alleviate poverty, it remains a pervasive issue, particularly in developing countries. Microcredit, recognized by the United Nations as a potent tool for poverty alleviation, has been implemented in Pakistan since 1976, specifically targeting women through group lending models. This approach leverages social collateral, reducing credit risks and enhancing financial inclusion. The study uses quantitative data collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire from 182 women entrepreneurs to assess the effects of microcredit on their economic and social status. Findings indicate that microcredit significantly enhances women's empowerment by increasing their financial independence, social standing, and household decision-making power. Additionally, microcredit contributes to poverty reduction, though its impact varies based on the context and implementation specifics. The study highlights the importance of integrating supplementary services such as business training and financial literacy programs to maximize the benefits of microcredit. Social and family traditions play a crucial role in shaping the outcomes of microcredit initiatives, suggesting the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The results suggest that while microcredit is effective in empowering women and reducing poverty, it should be part of broader economic development strategies. Policymakers and practitioners are encouraged to design microcredit schemes that incorporate social collateral and provide comprehensive support services. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of microcredit across different cultural and economic settings to better understand its potential and limitations.

A POSTMODERN STUDY OF GENDER ISSUES IN FAWZIA AFZAL KHAN’S MEMOIR

2024-08-21T13:42:40+00:00

The purpose of the present research is to explore the ways the postmodern feminist subversive text i.e. Afzal Khan’s memoire Lahore with Love: Growing up with Girlfriends Pakistani Style dismantles the gender issues in herstories of Pakistan. The research is qualitative in nature. Moreover, Mills, three-part-model has been drawn on as a research tool as it aims to rectify the way gender is represented in the phallocentric texts into an alternative matriarchal language. The textual analysis suggests that male centric hegemonic historical narratives can be deconstructed through alternative female centric narratives. Afzal Khan interweaves the female centric worldview in her narrative with the postcolonial perspective, by suggesting and showing that female postcolonial creative writers are able to articulate feminine experiences with equal ease and authority as do men in representing their masculine experiences.

A PROBE INTO TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ CHALLENGES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SELECTED PAKISTANI SPECIAL SCHOOLS: TEACHERS' PERCEPTION

2024-08-21T13:52:42+00:00

Education in general and education for special children is the most critical yet neglected sector in developing countries such as Pakistan. This study delves into the challenges teachers face while teaching English as a second language (L2) to Students with Special Needs (SWSN) and the problems students might encounter while learning L2 in inclusive classrooms. For this quantitative study, a comprehensive questionnaire has been developed at Google Forms to gather data from the special schools of Khanewal, Multan, and Bahawalpur. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) has been employed to analyze the responses to the questionnaire. The study’s participants are the teachers of SWSN selected through purposive sampling. The findings of the study reveal that 71.4% of teachers oppose the assertion that one single, traditional methodology of second (English) language teaching caters to the unique needs of SWSN, 71.5% supported the statement that technology-integrated methodology for different special students might address their individual needs. Furthermore, 28.6% of teachers express their concerns about the school curriculum which hinders students' ability to learn the English language. Through interpretation of findings, the study brings up issues such as the establishment of separate classrooms for SWSN, updating of curriculum and teachers' training for successful English communication and proficiency in technology-integrated methods, into the limelight and calls for urgent and significant improvement in the special education sector.

EFFECT OF SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS ON PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AT COLLEGE LEVEL

2024-08-22T10:05:40+00:00

This research was carried out to find out “Effect of social and emotional problems on personality development of students with hearing impairment at college level”. The objectives of the study were: To analyze the effect of social problems on personality development of hearing impaired children as perceive by the teachers. To analyze the effect of emotional problems on personality development of hearing impaired children as perceive by the teachers. To evaluate teachers’ perception on personality development of hearing impaired students. To analyze the effect of social problems on personality development of hearing impaired children as perceive by the students. To analyze the effect of emotional problems on personality development of hearing impaired children as perceive by the students. To evaluate students’ perception on personality development of hearing impaired students.

Opinion of teachers and students regarding the effect of social and emotional problems on personality development of students with hearing impairment at college level on the base of demographics i.e. gender, locality, qualification, professional qualification, experience, disability level, family system and family income. The study's sample was 32 teachers and 105 students. The respondents were chosen from division i.e. Multan, DG Khan, Faisalabad and Rawalpindi. The approach to sampling that was utilized for the research study was a cluster random sampling technique and census sampling technique. Researcher divided Province Punjab into three categories upper Punjab, central Punjab and South Punjab according to Divisions by using cluster random sampling technique. Researcher selected the entire population as sample of study by using census sampling technique. Mixed methods approach was utilized as a design of the quantitative survey and qualitative theme generation. To achieve the intended objectives from respondents, two self-structured questionnaires were used questionnaire 1 for teachers and questionnaire 2 for students. Questionnaire 1and questionnaire 2 comprising 60 and 35 statements respectively. The data acquired from all 32 teachers and 105 students was analyzed by the researchers of the study using SPSS. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistical technique i.e. mean, SD, frequency, T.test & One-way ANOVA was used. It is recommended that to improve the communication at early stage. Identify hearing impairment early and provide appropriate interventions, including speech therapy, sign language instruction, and auditory training. Early support can lessen potential social and emotional challenges. Develop teacher training programs focusing on social and emotional needs, effective communication, and inclusive practices. It also emphasized that offer access to counseling services or mental health support to address any emotional difficulties or psychological issues that may arise due to the hearing impairment or associated challenges.

COMPARING THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON PAKISTAN'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

2024-08-22T11:09:50+00:00

This research paper is intended to compare the impact of FDI and external debt on Pakistan’s economy. To analyze how (FDI) and external debt have affected Pakistan's economic growth, this article uses gross domestic product (GDP) as a stand-in for an indicator of economic growth. The paper is focused on analyzing which out of both FDI and external debt are contributing towards the economy of Pakistan more. Applied method Pesaran et al. (2001) the ARDL is used to investigate the relationship between the study’s variables. The 29 years from 1991-2019 are investigated and for analysis, data is collected from World Development Indicators (WDI). The findings suggested that external debt had a detrimental effect on Pakistan's economy, although foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP were discovered to be positively correlated. Johansen's cointegration analysis technique was used to determine the variables' long-term connection with one another along with the ARDL technique. Because few prior research studies have examined the effects of FDI and external debt on the economy of Pakistan, this study is distinctive.

The Psychological Effects of Grief and Loss on Hamlet’s Mental State

2024-08-22T16:36:25+00:00

This paper explores the psychological effects of loss and grief on Prince Hamlet in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, emphasizing how these feelings fuel his spiral into insanity. The study delves into the complex grieving process that Hamlet went through after his father passed away, which was made worse by the betrayal he experienced from his mother’s second marriage and the ghost’s desire for vengeance. The paper demonstrates how unresolved grief and the weight of moral and existential difficulties lead to Hamlet’s psychological unravelling through a thorough analysis of his interactions with other characters, his soliloquies, and his erratic behaviour.

The first section of the paper addresses how King Hamlet’s death initially affected Hamlet’s mental condition, emphasizing how his deep grief and sense of betrayal lay the groundwork for his later psychological anguish. The impact of Queen Gertrude’s second marriage on Hamlet’s sadness and subsequent feelings of alienation and disappointment is then discussed. The study delves deeper into how, as Hamlet’s anguish and shame mount, his staged insanity—which was initially a tactical device—gradually gives way to actual mental instability. Finally, the paper analyzes the role of the ghost in deepening Hamlet’s existential crisis and the resulting impact on his sanity. Due to the psychological toll and the ghost’s desire for vengeance, Hamlet becomes severely alone and insane. The paper concludes by reflecting on the broader implications of Hamlet’s descent into madness, underscoring the destructive power of unresolved grief and the fragile nature of the human psyche when confronted with overwhelming emotional and moral challenges.

Comparing the Impact of External Debt and Foreign Direct Investment on Pakistan's Economic Growth

2024-08-24T08:06:27+00:00

Literary, Pragmatic and Cultural Equivalence between Urdu and English Translated Poetry of Allama Iqbal

2024-08-25T06:47:54+00:00

Transcending the boundaries of language, culture, and social constructs, translation emerges as a profound mode of communication. At its core, the primary purpose of translation is to maintain a seamless equivalence between the source text and the target text. The skilled translator navigates the intricate tapestry of literary, pragmatic, and cultural elements, striving to preserve the essence and nuances of the original. Yet, this endeavor is not without its challenges, for literature, especially the realm of poetry, often conceals layers of implicit meanings and contexts that demand a delicate touch. Population of the study is Iqbal’s poems that are translated into English. In which only 20 poems selected from the Iqbal’s poetry book “Zarb-e-Kaleem” and its English translation from “Rod of Moses” by simple random sampling method. Employing an integrated framework of analysis, grounded in the rich tapestry of translation theories, the study delves into the complexities of equivalence between the source text and the target text, examining them at multiple levels. The findings suggest a spectrum of equivalence, ranging from partial to distal. While the literary and pragmatic features exhibit a degree of distal equivalence, the cultural elements demonstrate a more partial alignment between the source and target texts. This profound exploration serves to celebrate the aesthetics of poetry and translation, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate and multifaceted nature of the translation process. It invites the reader to embark on a journey of linguistic and cultural discovery, where the boundaries of language and expression are transcended, and the true essence of the poetic voice is preserved and celebrated.

Spaces and Orientation of Dowry Culture in Pakistan

2024-08-26T12:05:44+00:00

Marriage now days is not considered as the sacred obligation rather than sharing of goods and status. Sharing of Dowry (Jahaiz) has cause of violence and suppression for women too. Presents study is conducted to understand the social-media orientation about Dowry system in Pakistan. The study is descriptive and has adopted the cultural semiotic model of Yuri Lotman (1975) which is known as Spatial model; describing the inner and outer space of the culture with particular orientations. A sample of four X posts is adopted for analysis. The study has found that the inner part of the culture is hollow and can be revised, while the exterior of the culture is different in practice. Culture has much space for new reforms and values induction in it, while outer space accepts only the standardization that goes beyond the place and region. Universal dimensions ask for the respect and rights of women as all the actions of women are supported by society and men. In contrast, universal space fragmentation keeps the culture of Dowry at the time of marriage as a suppression and violation of religions and ethical norms. Orientation of the text proposes the revision of the reader's social thinking to ensure the women unconditioned at the time of marriage.

Error Analysis of Errors Committed by Matric and Intermediate Students at Gujranwala, Pakistan

2024-08-27T03:12:25+00:00

In Second language Acquisition, error analysis is an obligatory topic in the Linguistics Field. Errors are a common part of language learning because learners of a second language are not usually knowledgeable about the sentence structure and some basic rules of the English language. Basic purpose of Error analysis is how learners make mistakes and how researchers can help them by finding their mistakes. There are two main methods for studying learner mistakes: and error analysis. Contrastive error and Error Analysis. These both are branches of applied linguistics science. This paper study is conducted to investigate the errors or mistakes conducted by students of schools and colleges of Gujranwala, Pakistan. They were expected to compose an English essay. Forty participants participated in this study of which fifteen were males and twenty-five were females. The most frequent error was in the use of sentence structure because both Urdu and English languages have their distinct sort of Sentence structure and language use. There were also some common spelling errors. Finally, the researcher suggested performing a second study to look into further writing errors made by Pakistani English language learners.

The impact of Teacher Mindset, Student Mindset on Students English Reading difficulty at school level

2024-08-31T10:57:26+00:00

Learning to read at school, carried out at the first-grade level, is an early stage of reading learning called beginning reading. The teacher's contribution to student contribution theory and mindset theory suggests that mindset affects educators and learners at all levels. The purpose of this study was to examine which students in school could read and to know the difficulties faced by students when reading English and its factors. The researcher uses the quantitative research method to investigate the problem of students in English reading. The data collection instrument used questions and tests. The research was a test used to analyse the problem of the students during the reading test and a questionnaire used to discover the main reason for their difficulties with reading and understanding. With the result of the test, the researcher found out some points which questions that were difficult for the students to answer. The results found the reason for their confusion while reading in English. Some aspects influence their motivation to learn hard at reading. The lack of the student’s knowledge in English vocabulary affects them with difficulty in arranging the word's meaning for their understanding. Thus, the teacher can be aware to ask the appropriate media to increase their motivation in reading English. Teachers show a lack of interest in reading, which was a result of a lack of motivation from the parents as well as the teachers’ sides.

Examining the Relationship Between Faculty Satisfaction and Student Learning Outcomes in Pakistani Universities

2024-08-27T07:48:34+00:00

This study explores the relationship between faculty satisfaction and student learning outcomes in Pakistani universities using a mixed-methods approach. A sample of 400 faculty members and 1,200 students from 10 universities was surveyed, complemented by semi-structured interviews with 20 faculty members and 30 students. Quantitative analysis revealed that faculty satisfaction, particularly with professional development, significantly predicts student academic achievement, engagement, and critical thinking skills. Qualitative insights highlighted that supportive administrative practices and professional growth opportunities were crucial for enhancing faculty effectiveness and student experiences. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings underscores the importance of addressing faculty needs to improve educational outcomes. Recommendations include enhancing administrative support, expanding professional development opportunities, and regularly assessing faculty needs to foster a more effective learning environment.

Use of Eclectic Approach as the Medium of Transition: A Shift from Grammar Translation Method to Direct Method

2024-08-28T04:02:39+00:00

Despite the English language being taught as a compulsory subject from primary to graduate levels in Pakistan, ESL students in public and private institutions continue to struggle with competence. One of the basic reasons for this issue is the use of the conventional Grammar-Translation Method (GTM). Unfortunately, it has remained entrenched due to a shortage of proficient English teachers, inconsistent educational policies by the government of Pakistan, and a non-standardized examination system. In this regard, the current study offers a solution to this challenging problem by advocating a shift from GTM to Direct Method (DM) with the help of the Eclectic Approach used as the medium of transformation. As the nature of the study is experimental female undergraduate students aged between 17 to 22 who are studying English as a compulsory subject at the intermediate level are the sample of this research. They are chosen purposefully according to the research requirement; 1) prior exposure to GTM and 2) with poor pretest scores. Moreover, Pretests and posttests are done using standardized IELTS exams. Later the data analysis is carried out using SPSS (2.1). The findings of the study indicate that the intervention of the Eclectic Approach yields a substantial improvement in post-test scores, supporting the hypothesis that it can facilitate the transition from GTM to DM significantly. Thus this study emphasizes the use of the Eclective Approach in the Pakistani ESL context.

Erosion of Ecological Harmony: Pastoral Ideals and the Commodification of Nature in Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard

2024-08-28T16:20:44+00:00

This research deploys the lens of Leo Marx's pastoralism to conduct an ecocritical evaluation of Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard. Pastoralism by Leo Marx serves as a prism to examine the cultural tensions and contradictions inherent in the idealization of harmonious cohabitation between people and the natural environment in the circumstances of a rapidly industrializing and urbanizing civilization. Through this perspective, The Cherry Orchard emerges as a poignant portrayal of the nostalgia for a bygone era in the face of industrial progress--- a motif that mirrors Marx's pastoral tension. The Cherry Orchard casts a shadow over the pastoral dream, as the characters, Lopakhin and Lyubov contend with the conflict between industrial encroachment and the maintenance of an idealized retreat. The protagonist of the play, Lopakhin, exhibits a capitalistic mindset, tearing down the orchard to build summer cottages for financial gain. His perspective on life depicts the conflict between tradition and modernity in late nineteenth-century Russia. The pastoral ideal in The Cherry Orchard seems to originate in a recoil from the pain and responsibility of life in a civilization--- the familiar impulse to withdraw from city, locus of power, and politics into nature. Lyubov prefers the tranquil spontaneity of nature, especially among her cherry trees, and avoids the frenetic pace of capitalism. By placing the machine in opposition to the tranquility and order located in the landscape, Chekhov creates an emblem of the artificial, of the unfeeling utilitarian spirit, and of the fragmented, industrial style of life that allegedly follows from the premises of the empirical philosophy.

THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE USE AND POWER DYNAMICS IN PAKISTAN

2024-08-29T16:33:14+00:00

This study explores the politics of language use and its impact on power dynamics in Pakistan, with a focus on the contrasting linguistic strategies of two prominent political figures, Bilawal Bhutto and Imran Khan. The analysis reveals that Bilawal Bhutto employs a dual-language approach, using English to appeal to the urban elite and Sindhi to connect with his provincial base in Sindh. This strategy underscores his elite background while emphasizing his commitment to regional identity and autonomy. Conversely, Imran Khan’s consistent use of Urdu positions him as a populist leader, appealing to a broad national audience and challenging the traditional elite. His emphasis on national unity through the use of Urdu promotes a collective identity but may marginalize non-Urdu-speaking communities. The study finds that these language choices are not just communicative tools but are deeply intertwined with broader political strategies aimed at reinforcing or disrupting existing power structures. Bilawal’s multilingual approach reflects the complex interplay between regionalism, class, and centralization, while Imran Khan’s focus on Urdu seeks to unify the nation but may inadvertently marginalize regional identities. The findings highlight the significant socio-political implications of language politics in Pakistan, demonstrating how language serves as a powerful instrument in shaping political identities and influencing power dynamics in the country’s diverse society. Understanding these dynamics is essential for analyzing the broader implications of language politics in Pakistan’s evolving political landscape.

CYBERBULLYING OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN

2024-08-31T08:38:04+00:00

The study examines the growing issue of cyberbullying, which is intertwined with traditional bullying due to technological advancements. It focuses on understanding how female university students in Pakistan perceive, experience, and respond to cyberbullying and its impact on their academic achievements. The research employs a theoretical framework based on symbolic interactionism and uses a quantitative approach through a survey questionnaire for broad insights. The study involves 200 participants selected conveniently via an online survey from four major Pakistani universities. Data analysis is done using Linear Regression, revealing that cyberbullying experience affects perception and academic performance. Furthermore, individuals' responses to cyberbullying are linked to their awareness of the issue. This research collectively provides valuable insights into how female university students in Pakistan navigate cyberbullying.

CORPUS- BASED METAPHORICAL FRAMING ANALYSIS OF WAR AND GENOCIDE METAPHORS IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT IN WESTERN MEDIA

2024-08-31T13:08:58+00:00

This research proposes an operational approach to a metaphorical framing analysis while using large-scale data of western media. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to critically and discursively analyze the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by two prominent Western media outlets, CNN and The Guardian, over a ten-month period from 7th October 2023 to 10th July 2024. Focusing specifically on the metaphors of “war” and “genocide,” the research aims to uncover how these terms frame the conflict and shape public perception. The analysis reveals that the term “war” appears 443 times, constituting 0.45% of the corpus, while “genocide” occurs 377 times, or 0.38% of the corpus. These findings highlight the significant role of these terms in framing the conflict as a persistent state of military aggression and a moral crisis, respectively. Collocation analysis shows that “war” and “genocide” shares a narrative that evokes strong emotional responses and images of cruelty, victimization, and brutality. The concordance lines of “war” frequently depict the conflict as damaging and urgent, with negative semantic prosody emphasizing large-scale and long-term struggles. Similarly, “genocide” carries a negative semantic prosody, framing the conflict in terms of extreme moral and humanitarian crises, and evoking accusations of intentional acts of brutality. Additionally, thematic and content analysis reveals key themes associated with these metaphors, displaying their narratives. The study concludes that Western media frames the conflict through a wide range of perspectives, significantly influencing both regional and global interpretations.

An Analysis of the Use of Adult Learning Theory in Virtual ESL Teaching and Learning during Covid-19 at undergrad Level

2024-09-01T15:53:29+00:00

The article analyzes one of the aspects of the doctoral study; the application of adult learning theory given by Malcolm Knowles in virtual teaching and learning of English as a second language (ESL) at undergrad level during Covid-19 in the Province of the Punjab by considering the exigencies of socio-linguistics. The study focuses on knowing that to what extent teaching through (TAM) is integrated with adult learning during Covid-19 to enhance students’ socio-linguistic skills. Two research tools (questionnaires) were used for pilot testing on ten teachers and fifty students; the alpha reliability of the questionnaires (containing 40 items each) for teachers and students is 0.887 and 0.886 respectively. Later on, data was collected from five hundred undergrads with major in English and fifty teachers of nine public sector Universities. The collected data has been analyzed qualitatively to prove or disprove the hypothesis of the study and in light of the findings which suggest that though virtual teaching and learning of English is advantageous at higher education but if not adhered to the principles and assumptions of adult learning, which emphasizes self-concept, adult learning experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation to learn, it does not improve undergrads’ proficiency in English language skills required for socio-linguistic competence. It was found that lecture method remained dominant teaching technique containing slide shows, electronic furnished learning material and was not aligned with adult learning theory whereas virtual assessment from homes affected subjects’ language skills required for better communicative performance on one hand and impacted their socio-linguistic learning skills on the other. The study recommends that HEISs should arrange regular faculty development programs to engage teachers to learn andragogical and latest ESL interventions needed for adult learning.

Topophilia of Space and Place in Seamus Heaney’s Death of a Naturalist and Other Poems

2024-09-09T07:11:42+00:00

Environment influences art to a great extent. Many theories in literature are inspired by the two-way relationship between literature and its context. Hence, it is impossible to see a piece of literary work devoid of its zeitgeist. Although one immediately thinks of cultural or historical criticism whenever the need to explore a literary piece of work from social perspective arrives, yet the same research can also be conducted via a more profound, aesthetic and substantially even factual and emotionally charged philosophy. Topophilia allows one to map one’s homeland exactly how it used to be with all its bloodshed and springs. In this case, Ireland is to be mapped out of Seamus Heaney’s consciousness expressed in his famous collection of poems Death of a Naturalist. This study aims to establish a backward link between the poet’s artistic output with his emotional bond he shares with his place. In Heaney’s case, his conscious absorption of Irish architecture, bogs, farm life, Gaelic traditions and Irish timeline act as a prism that refracts his truthful consciousness onto his poetry and through reverse-refraction one can easily predict the emotional geography of Ireland. Hence, the study focuses on mapping Ireland through Heaney’s consciousness in his poems.

The Demands of the Employers and the need for a career-focused English-speaking curriculum at the Bachelor of Studies level (BS) in Pakistan.

2024-09-04T17:04:37+00:00

Job searchers may improve their chances of employment by standing out in a crowded job market with a well-designed curriculum. When it comes to an employee's English-speaking ability, employers often have certain expectations and standards because of today's globalized workforce, where English has taken over as the primary language of business. This study examined how employers and unemployed graduates perceived the importance of English-speaking abilities.

The data collection process involved selecting participants from different categories

Namely employers and unemployed graduates
Using two distinct sampling techniques, convenient and purposive

For the employers, five were selected randomly using convenient sampling, while purposive sampling was employed to select ten unemployed graduates deemed suitable for the study. The in-depth interview was the primary data collection tool used for employers and open-ended questionnaire was the secondary tool for the unemployed gradates, and the respondents were encouraged to provide in-depth and detailed answers to the questions posed.

The results showed that the BS-level speaking curriculum offered by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) might not adequately satisfy the needs of the labor market in terms of English-speaking abilities. Therefore, universities should take the time to produce a polished document emphasizing its advantages and distinguishing its students in employment sectors.

Teachers’ perception on Education and the Support of Digital resources to Facilitate Teaching/ Learning in Pakistani Schools

2024-09-24T14:57:54+00:00

The present study tries to find out the teachers’ perception on education and how digital resources helped to continue teaching/learning process in Pakistani schools during pandemic, what challenges and issues were faced by the teachers during online classes. The qualitative data were collected through informal conversational interviews with three teachers 2 from public schools and 1 from private school. The teachers taught through different online resources. The interviews were coded, thematically analyzed and uncovered important aspects of teachers’ point of views. The findings were analyzed using interpretative method. The study unfolded the teachers’ online experiences, parents’ involvement and understanding of the students after reopening of the schools. The study revealed that the teachers who had little exposure to online courses felt great problems in teaching online as they were not put to any training before conducting online teaching. They also complained of low motivational level of the students. The study findings presented thematic analysis with sub themes followed by recommendations.

Effect of Instructional Leadership and Teacher’s Self- Efficacy on Job Performance at Secondary School Level

2024-09-09T06:34:46+00:00

Instructional leadership provides a road map to the institutions program and gauges the performance of its employees. The current study was quantitative and based on a correlational survey design. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data from the sample of 300 teachers from public sector secondary school teachers of district Sheikhupura, Punjab Pakistan. Instructional Leadership Questionnaire (ILQ), General Self-efficacy (GSE) scale, and Job Performance Scale (JPS) data collection tools were used to collect the data from the respondents. The content validity of instruments was ensured by five leadership education experts and the reliability of (ILQ) .962; (GSE); .881, and (JPS); .924 was ensured by applying Cronbach Alpha’s score respectively. The collected data were analyzed employing mean, median, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The results of the study showed that there was a strong and significant correlation between instructional leadership and self-efficacy with job performance of the teachers. The multiple-regression analysis results exhibited that there was a moderate effect of instructional leadership and self-efficacy on the job performance of teachers. Based on the results of the study, it was recommended that teachers training institutions prepare teachers' training modules and provides training on teachers’ instructional leadership and self-efficacy to improve teachers’ job performance. Head teachers may play instructional leadership roles to enhance teachers’ self-efficacy job performance that are associated with students’ learning outcomes.

NATURE TO NATURAL: A STUDY Of NATURAL PIGMRNTS

2024-10-06T15:25:20+00:00

The major focus of my research is on natural pigments. The History of Natural Pigments is subject of my research. I tried my best to go back in the history to find the sources and uses of natural pigments. I reached to the point that it has been used in the Stone Age. Lots of symbols and models are formed in the caves. As we know Cave Art has its place in the history of paintings. The early sources for natural pigments were stones, mud, blood, bones, flowers and leaves of trees and charcoal etc. With the passage of time, man has searched and formed natural pigments in multiple things. This thing may be organic or inorganic. In the Stone Age, natural pigments were used as symbols. Drawing and painting have been part of human nature. In the some way, natural colors have been used for fabrics and stencils. After this, gradually man made his life and culture colorful with colors. There in the part, man had applied colors on human body as on the walls. After a thorough study of the history of natural pigments, I thought why not I utilize natural pigments even today, when readymade colors are easily available to revive the historic works of the great painters of the past. As for as was possible for me, I made natural pigments myself and used them in my paintings. These natural pigments have been prepared from sand stone, lime stone and other natural sources to use in my paintings.

Architectural and Artistic Analysis of the Jain Temple, Multan

2024-09-09T15:57:54+00:00

This paper is an attempt to explore, investigate and analyze the Jain temple of Multan including its art and architecture. This study divided into three categories which include the Architectural Setting of the Complex, Architecture of the main temple, and artistic features of the Temple. The study covers each and every aspect related architectural elements such as ground plan of the temple itself and ground plan of the whole complex. In addition to these other features such as vertical and horizontal expansion of the temple and of the whole building are also analyzed in this paper. In addition to this, decorative art of the main temple, majority of which is in the form of paintings, is analyzed. Whole of the comparison would be made keeping in view structural and artistic tradition of Jain art and architecture of Sindh in general and of Panjab in particular.

A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE IN THE HANDMAID'S TALE BY MARGARET ATWOOD

2024-09-10T11:33:06+00:00

The present study is linguistic as it examines resistance and resilience in Margaret Atwood's (1985) dystopian novel, The Handmaid's Tale, highlighting syntactic structures within the narrative. It uses resistance literature as a conceptual framework to unpack how this phenomena relates to linguistic features. The novel also shows that the vocal features that depict resilience are tied up profoundly within the oppressive regimes. We have delved deeply into many fundamental truths by discovering linguistic features that surface throughout the novel. We have closely examined how language is used to replicate and challenge power dynamics, specifically emphasizing the important role of gender. In addition, we have tried to comprehend how the protagonist comes to terms with the tributes that transform her identity. The researchers have also looked at the placement of semantic fields and resistance, which is how different semantic areas are used to fight dominant philosophies. Following a typical social ontology analysis, we focused on the epistemic implications of language use and its pragmatic role in developing such resilience, i.e., how languages help endorse social identities. Furthermore, the study analyzes the connection between language and culture and provides awareness of what emerges within socio-linguistic settings and contexts.

Gendered Language Practices in English-Medium Educational Institutions in Pakistan: A Sociolinguistic Analysis

2024-09-10T12:32:32+00:00

Research has been done on gender and English performance between students and teachers regarding classroom interactions and written assignments. It looked at the way interruptions occurred, polite strategies, assertiveness, and language choices. Through convenient sampling, students and teachers (M/F = 40; 20:20) were enrolled. The writer examined students and their teachers within fifteen conversation days. Their conversation was scored according to a checklist approved by the experts, who cited specific goals that voters and other citizens might have in mind. They were also interviewed to gain a deeper insight into the style of their conversations. In classroom settings, there were gender-based differences in communication style between students and teachers, as a study showed. Male students interrupted more often and made more rude interruptions, whereas female students were more prone to two supportive interruptions. Female students/teachers were considered more assertive but still polite, as they were observed to support their interruptions with advice and use complex language to create a cooperative and respectful classroom atmosphere. Universities may wish to introduce training programs to teach faculty and students about gendered communication and how it can shape classroom exchanges.

Existential Isolation and Identity in Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis: A Study Through the Lens of Martin Heidegger's Philosophy

2024-09-10T12:58:13+00:00

This paper aims to discuss Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis in terms of Heideggerian existentialism, concentrating on the aspects of existential loneliness, estrangement and dissolution of self. Thus, this work demonstrates how Kafka’s narrative captures the fundamental aspects of existence in the context of Heidegger’s concepts of Being-in-the-world, thrownness and Being-toward-death, and how Gregor Samsa’s transformation embodies the challenges of the modern man. The realism of transformation has been discussed as the perspective of using the themes and motifs of the Kafka’s work to illustrate the conditions of the dehumanization of the man during the postindustrial period as a subject reduced to the sphere of his economic activity, distancing from his essence and, as a result, suffering from loneliness and death. The implications of capitalist alienation and existential inauthenticity stand out in Kafka’s literary pursuits and Heidegger’s existential philosophies.

THE RELATION OF READING MOTIVATION, ATTITUDE AND READING COMPREHENSION OF L2 LEARNERS AT BS LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

2024-09-12T05:01:09+00:00

The relation between readers' motivation as well as attitude towards reading including its influence on comprehension plays a critical role in learning situations, particularly for second language (L2) learners. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of published research on reading motivation, attitudes, and reading comprehension among students enrolled in undergraduate degree programs in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The research thus defines goals such as recognizing the relationship of these components and evaluating their effect on the performance of the students. The selected target population of the present study involved 100 participants of three public sector universities in Faisalabad and the sampling technique used was the stratified random sampling. The quantitative data was analyzed using ‘SPSS Statistics’ and the primary method of analysis was correlation where the relation between the variables under study was investigated. The findings highlight both positive and negative aspects of the study. This is made possible by the application of SPSS in data analysis hence enhancing precision and reliability of the results. Nevertheless, the study also has some disadvantages, for example, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of obtaining a sample bias or the difficulties involved in extending the results of the research to other subjects. This study makes a useful significance in the field of the applied linguistics, stressing further significance of the motivation and the attitude as for the reading comprehension, and giving an idea for further study and learning process.

THE IMPACT OF BLENDED LEARNING ON TEACHING L2 ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

2024-09-12T05:12:20+00:00

This research investigates the impact of face-to-face and blended instructions on the English writing proficiency of the undergraduate students of Government Post-Graduate College Faisalabad. Sixty students were divided into two groups as convenience sampling: The experimental group was made up of thirty students while the control group comprised a similar number. The students in the control group were taught using traditional methods of teaching the students in the experimental group used online classes and technology integrated classrooms. The pre- and post- tests for both groups involved sample IELTS writing tests in order to determine the improvement of students’ writing skills. Furthermore, using a feedback form, basic qualitative information concerning the student experience and point of view was gathered. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 2021 and independent sample t-test for the comparison of the groups. The study results revealed a positive effect of using online classes, face-to-face classes and enhanced techniques in teaching writing in the experimental group than in the control group as a result of the obtained p-value. Looking at the feedback questionnaire it was found that majority of the students appreciated when online resources were used to help them with their grammar and writing style. From the analysis of the results, the study concludes that instruction in blended learning is better than face-to-face instructions in teaching English writing skills to undergraduate students.

LYALLPUR-FAISALABAD NAME CHANGE: THE BEGINNING OF THE DECLINE OF SOCIAL NORMS*

2024-09-12T17:28:23+00:00

A study of Historical Evolution reveals that from Sandal Bar, Rachna Doaba, and Chenab Colony until Lyallpur, this region was ignorant of the term’s majority and minority. It used to be the land of patriots, where farmers, laborers, writers, and artists were experts in their fields and had useful services for society above the differences of color, creed, and race. Then, with the change of name, it was felt that the decline in deeds had started, which gradually proved to be the death of societal norms. The objective of this paper is to explore the reasons behind this change. The question arises here: how did this tragedy happen that this soil suddenly became ignorant of its inherited qualities? In response to this question, when we try to review the related literature, we observe that the gluttony of materialistic businessmen and the trickery of the merchants of religion used these beautiful streets and bazaars mercilessly. Consequently, the mercantile aristocracy considered themselves baptized by donating coins to gain favorable “Fatwa” from the coevous clergy class. Thus, these days have come that Faisalabad has to divorce the simplicity of Lyallpur fully. Now, there is no room for conversation and no space for reason in the city. Debate on any issue starts with mild mannerisms, but subtly tones become harsh, words are passed around unpleasantly, and bells start ringing in temples. It has also cut itself off from personalities like Master Sunder Singh Lyall Puri and James Broadwood Lyall, and no one knows about the role of “Akali,” the Punjabi newspaper. This paper is an analysis of secondary sources, and qualitative research methodology has been adopted to deal with the dilemma.

HOW QUIETLY WE ENDURE ALL THAT FALLS UPON US: A FEMINIST STUDY OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS

2024-09-12T14:14:01+00:00

The paper aims to identify the sexual, physical, emotional and psychological discrimination, faced by female characters in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns. Analyzing the works related to the paper through qualitative method of research, the paper, through the characters of Laila and Mariam, discusses the subordination and marginalization that the Afghan women have to endure. It presents the status of Afghan women as the victims of not only patriarchy but political changes, terrorism and war as well.

Exploring Dysfunctional Communication in Seascape through Theory of Ironic Speech Acts

2024-09-14T05:20:32+00:00

This research investigates the complex phenomenon of ironic speech acts and their role in creating dysfunctional communication in Seascape by Edward Albee. By analyzing the intricate layers of linguistic facade, this study employs the theory of ironic speech acts to uncover meaning within fragmented and paradoxical dialogue. The findings reveal that the interplay between spoken words, their intended meanings, and the inherent contradictions generate a dynamic tension that permeates the characters' interactions. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how speech acts are utilized as tools of power, enabling characters to engage in verbal battles that underscore their conflicts. A detailed examination of the play highlights the significance of ironic utterances as conscious counterfactual expressions, which opens up multiple interpretations of a single reality. This multifaceted approach to analyzing irony in Albee's work provides deeper insights into the use of language as a mechanism for both connection and division among characters.

Decoding the Tweets of Pakistani Politicians: A Discourse Analysis of Communication Tactics

2024-09-15T05:33:35+00:00

Political communication within the computerized age has experienced noteworthy change, with social media stages developing as necessarily apparatuses for lawmakers to advance their manifestos, shape open conclusion, and lock in with voters. This ponder digs into the nuanced scene of Twitter talk in Pakistan's energetic political environment, where the arrangement of media outlets with assorted political philosophies has significant suggestions for how news is surrounded and open conclusion is impacted. Drawing on talk examination strategies, this investigate basically analyzes the communication strategies utilized by Pakistani lawmakers on Twitter, shedding light on the phonetic, explanatory, and topical components characteristic in their tweets. Through a comparative examination of tweets, the think about explores the degree to which political affiliations shape stories and points of view displayed to the open, and investigates the affect of these changing framings on people with distinctive political philosophies.

QUETTA’S PLAY SPACE CRISIS: ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF INADEQUATE PLAYGROUNDS ON YOUTH SOCIAL WELLBEING

2024-09-14T13:00:14+00:00

Sports and health are concomitant to each other. However, sports do not improve the physical health only, but also keep positive impacts on the social life of youth. Sporting attitude enhances social sense and deter youth from many anti-social and illegal acts. Contextually, the unavailability or inadequate playgrounds and sports activities could easily lead youth towards many offenses and immoral ends. This quantitative study was carried out to explore the prominent factors causing shortage of playgrounds in the Quetta city and the effects that keep on the social life of youth. The data was collected from the youth residing in the different parts of the Quetta city. The findings outlined that there is acute shortage of playgrounds in the Quetta city. It was noted in the study that the dearth of sports grounds exists because of the indifference of government functionaries, lack of sprit of the youth to record agitation or demand for constructing playgrounds, the excessive inclination of youth towards the use of smartphones, the youth preference to hotels more than the games, and the areas occupied by the land mafias. Furthermore, the study indicated that the inadequate playgrounds divert youth towards crimes, drugs, narcotics, and promoting intolerance, causing distances among people, and boosting up familial and social conflicts.

Trends of Early Childhood Education in Metropolitan City Karachi: A Review

2024-09-22T13:56:22+00:00

The study has been designed to analyze the review paper is aimed to analyze the emerging trends, which used and implemented arising in Early Child Education in the metropolitan city Karachi Sindh Pakistan. Early childhood education emerged as an important level of education to cater to the needs of early age children to develop their skills and competencies for their cognitive and psychomotor skills development. The study focuses on the analysis of the papers found in open access by using PRISMA model based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this N=10 research papers were selected and reviewed of national and international journals. The results of the study revealed that early childhood education have adopted different emerging approaches and techniques for the betterment of EC, because it is one of the emerging fields of education and market as well. The policy makers, educationists and teachers should make early childhood education as It is also responsibilities of policy makers and Governments to prepare the plan and review the policies.

The Poetics and Politics of Pakistani Queer

2024-09-18T11:31:27+00:00

The present research aims to theorize the evolution of queer desire and poetics in Pakistan and also trace the metamorphosis of the oriental Hijra into a cosmopolitan drag queen/king. The lives and works of diasporic Pakistani queer, the poet Ifti Nasim, and the late controversial poet Fahmida Riaz illustrate the ways queer poetics and politics have been adopted, appropriated and indigenized. In an attempt to explore and deconstruct the complexity of their existence, exoticism and exile, this research borrows and contextualizes Judith Butler’s conception of drag—a quintessential queer art. The drag comes to exhibit a distrust of heteronormativity, gender roles, and bodily organization. In the sexually conservative South Asia, drag presents an alternate world view. It not only questions existing political structures but also attempts to challenge major philosophical and religious conceptions. Associated with the polymorphous existence of Butler’s drag queen/king is the Deleuze and Guattari’s Body—without—Organs which is deterritorialised in that it is a site of opposing forces, rather than a stable entity. In its avowal to a gender other than the one biologically assigned, the drag queen/king proposes a rhizomatic self. Its imitation of a gender which is not originally his/her the drag king/queen embodies physical and gendered transgression. The queer especially in the South Asian context is also a cultural deterritorialization. Its transformation from parochial Hijra (Transgender) performance to a more radical and cultured drag lends it a cosmopolitan outlook. The south Asian/Pakistani-Muslim drag asks for a more inclusive and non-hegemonic LGBTQ representation which marks the beginning of a decolonized and multiracial queer group.

EFFECTS OF TEACHERS CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ITS EFFECTS ON STUDENT’S LEARNING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL

2024-09-19T11:28:34+00:00

The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of teacher’s classroom management strategies on students’ learning. The study was quantitative in nature. The study was limited to the district Chakwal of Punjab province of Pakistan. Simple random sampling technique was used. The study was conducted in the public higher secondary schools of the district Chakwal. 200 higher secondary school teachers were sampled for different classroom strategies. Data was collected through a questionnaire consisting of two parts. First part contains demographic information of teachers and second parts consist of 40 items on 5-point Likert scale for classroom management strategies. The questionnaire was reliable and valid. The study showed a positive correlation between the classroom management strategies and students learning. The results on the comparison of the classroom management strategies on gender and location clearly showed a significant difference. This clarifies that classroom management strategies are also affected by gender and area. Overall study concluded that with the use of effective classroom management strategies students’ academic achievement and learning can be enhanced.

The impact of language and culture on recognition of vocal emotions

2024-10-17T05:43:18+00:00

The aim of my study is to find out to what extent the understanding of vocal emotions could depend on linguistic and cultural affiliation. The research was based on the understanding of moderately expressed vocal emotions (happiness, anger, sadness,neutrality) of each sentence in Chinese speech without seeing the speaker and Urdu native speakers were asked to recognize the target emotion expressed in sentences that have no knowledge of Chinese language. Also some Urdu sentences were presented to them to see the cultural affiliation of speakers belonging to same culture and backgrounds. It also based on to test the hypothesis of universality and similarity. The listening test was consisting of total hundred students from NUML university of Faisalabad selected randomly out of which thirty were from Chinese class who were learning Chinese as a second language. The results were contradictory to universal hypothesis as most of students were able to understand the emotions of Happiness and Anger at a higher rate and a moderate understanding of Neutral emotion and least understanding of Sad Emotion. Also cultural contrast was seen between people belonging to same culture and backgrounds. This article indicated that genealogical relation of languages and similarity of cultural values are advantages in recognizing vocal emotions and people may have their own thoughts even they are belonging to same culture and backgrounds, but the change of language and culture changes the emotions and create confusions. The article contains the evidence research data that point out various questions and answers of it through practical approach. The study contains the tables and percentages of each emotions understanding by Cross-cultural communication and open gate for further researches by ariseing various questions.

A Corpus-based Contrastive Analysis of to be +Ved Passive Constructions in Pakistani and Turkish Novels

2024-09-20T07:16:36+00:00

This study conducted a corpus-based contrastive analysis of passive constructions in Pakistani (Home Fire) and Turkish (The Red-Haired Woman) novels, utilizing Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and a cultural approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (CCDA). It aimed to reveal how transitivity and passive constructions in different linguistic and cultural contexts reflect social themes. While the passive voice is well-studied in English, this research fills a gap by examining it in Pakistani and Turkish literature. Using the UAM Corpus tool and CCDA, the study found significant variations in the use of passive constructions, with both novels showing a preference for material and relational processes but differing in their thematic focus. The findings underscore the role of passive constructions in reflecting cultural and linguistic contexts in literature, offering new insights into how language, culture, and society intersect.

Students’ perceived satisfaction in the Digital Classroom: Insights from higher education

2024-09-22T15:52:58+00:00

This research examined the satisfaction of students from universities in Pakistan with digital classrooms. For this, we used qualitative technique that conducted deep interviews during dependence on e-learning. Given the worldwide move toward e-learning, this study sought to examine the determinants of learners' satisfaction with their digital learning experiences. Themes emerged from the analysis of interview data: accessibility and usability of platforms; quality of communication and interaction; flexibility and convenience; challenges with technical issues, and impact on learning and engagement. Although the flexibility and accessibility online modalities remained popular among students. Participants also showed dissatisfaction with online learning practices because of low interaction and engagement in some of the digital classrooms, and technical glitches that disrupted learning for some students. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the prior literature, highlighting an urgent need to upgrade existing technological infrastructures as well as teaching methodologies in order to substantially improve the overall performance of e-learning. This serves to enhance the overall picture for e-learning satisfaction and provides some recommendations for quality improvement of online education with respect to technological dimension and human dimension. Through an examination of these themes, this investigation imparts critical lessons to educators, policymakers, and administrators on developing and maintaining online learning environments.

COMPARISON OF TRESEMME PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENT IN ASIA, AFRICA AND EUROPE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

2024-09-22T18:37:17+00:00

Humans have been interacting with each other long ago before the establishment of civilisation. Communication among humans has served the growth of civilisation. Advertising is the world's oldest form of communication. Advertisers use it as a marketing tool to affect consumer's decisions at the point of sale. Advertising language is used in a particular manner, making it a very effective instrument. The mass media serve as the medium for disseminating advertising messages. This study focuses on examining the key factor of advertising language use in media which allows advertisers to connect with their targeted audience and further explains how advertising language affects the decision power of consumers. This article deals with Tresemme Keratin Smooth Shampoo advertisements in Asia, Africa and Europe. Tresemme company was introduced in New York. It is a qualitative study and an interactional framework of sociolinguistics is used. This study aims to examine advertising language that is portrayed in mass media which reaches the intended audience, the paper will investigate the language of a few chosen advertisements and go over key elements of that language.

The Role of Etymology in Criminological Science: Dissecting Language Proof

2024-09-23T14:57:47+00:00

Sociology has a branch called criminology. Criminology examines criminal behaviour by evaluating the causes, methods, and preventative measures of crime while taking systemic, social, and individual aspects into consideration. Etymology and criminological science interact to form a specialised but significant field of research. In the domains of law and criminology, language is very important since the exact meaning of words may influence how laws are interpreted and how cases turn out. The study of a word's etymology, or origin and historical evolution, may provide important context for comprehending legislation, legal documents, and terminology used in the criminal justice system. This study of the literature looks at etymology's place in criminological research, with a particular emphasis on how linguistic evidence may be analysed to strengthen cases in court and aid in criminal investigations for this purpose etymological analysis and case studies were used.

The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Student Stress and Anxiety in Higher Education

2024-09-24T15:04:49+00:00

This study assessed the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress and anxiety among undergraduate students through a randomized controlled trial involving 120 participants. The intervention group (n=60) engaged in an 8-week mindfulness program, while the control group (n=60) received no such intervention. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Analysis included paired t-tests and ANCOVA to compare changes within and between groups. Results showed significant reductions in both PSS and GAD-7 scores for the intervention group compared to the control group. The mindfulness-based program demonstrated substantial efficacy in alleviating stress and anxiety, with effect sizes indicating a large impact. The study supports integrating mindfulness interventions in higher education to enhance student well-being.

TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION REGARDING THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION OF ICT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM IN SINDH, PAKISTAN.

2024-09-27T17:37:02+00:00

The debate has been going on the use of internet and computer in language curriculum from last many decades. However, much focused is given to ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) use by the researchers. It is because of globalization which has influenced the education. As a result, curriculum was being renewed, restructured and reformed keeping in the view of modern technologies and trends in education particularly language curriculum across the globe. In Pakistan, curriculum designers and developers felt the need of technologies in English language teaching. ICTs tools have been integrated in language teaching and learning processes. This study is to investigate teachers’ perception regarding positive effects of integrating ICT in English language curriculum in Sindh, Pakistan. ICTs use has many positive effects and advantages in English language learning. Through its tools teachers and the learners would be able to collaborate and communicate for getting maximum benefits in education. This study is qualitative in nature; focus groups interviews is used as a data collection method. The findings of present study revealed that there are positive effects of ICT use in English language curriculum because it provides many resources to the students and teachers for becoming active leaners by building contacts worldwide. They speak and write for broader levels for better understanding. They even become more independent and interested in learning language. Moreover, curriculum developers should integrate ICTs tools in English language curriculum in education. Because ICT use can help in providing authentic materials and gives better understanding of culture and language. Moreover, this study also provides some reasons for utilizing in second language learning in Pakistan and some techniques and strategies for integrating ICT in English language learning and processes would have positive effects not only on the learners but also teachers. ICT would bring awareness about modernized world that fulfil the present demands and needs of the new era.

Climate Change in Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Headlines for Public Cognition

2024-09-29T14:33:33+00:00

This study adopted Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model to analyze news headlines on climate change in Pakistan. This study aim to understand how climate change is defined, framed and presented in Pakistani media and how these representations affect public opinion and deal of the issue. A sample of news articles from major newspapers and online media in Pakistan was analyzed; the focus was on the characteristics of media discourse, production methods, practices and social guidance. The findings reveal the messaging and rhetorical strategies that influence media coverage of climate change in Pakistan and highlight the complexity and sophistication of communicating this critical issue. This research provides a deeper understanding of the interaction between media, discourse and public opinion regarding climate change, as well as its impact on communication skills, climate change, media use, policy development and future research.

INVESTIGATING THE USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN POLITICAL SPEECHES: DONALD TRUMP AND IMRAN KHAN

2024-10-02T09:49:39+00:00

Personal pronouns are not used to convey meaning unlike other content words but they help to portray or convey the perceptions and thoughts of the speakers (Nakkaggwe,2012). The research has been documented to investigate the function of personal pronouns in the political speeches of Donald Trump and Imran khan. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the function of personal pronouns in political speeches held by former prime ministers: Imran Khan (Pakistan) and Mr. Donald Trump (America).The methodology of the study has been selected on the paradigm of qualitative research. The metadiscourse theory has been formulated in this study and the content analysis framework has been used to analyze the speech and personal pronouns. The maximum variation sampling method has been applied in the study. This sampling approach is better for this study because the speeches are from two distinct cultures by the earlier prime minister of Pakistan, Imran khan and former president of America, Mr. Donald Trump. The Antconc software has been used to identify personal pronouns in speeches. It was discovered that the most populated personal pronoun used in their speeches is we . The least used pronoun by Donald Trump is us and by Imran Khan is the subject singular you . Imran khan most often used singular first person pronoun I usually to show his responsiblity, a sense of personal inclusion, directing the nation's promblems, and connection with their own people. On the other hand, Donald Trump most often used plural first person pronoun our to show a sense of unity, shared responsiblity and collective thinking with the government.

EXAMINING THE LEGACY OF BENAZIR BHUTTO AS A TRAILBLAZER OF WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP OF ISLAM AND PAKISTAN

2024-10-05T15:24:35+00:00

This study is dedicated to the appraisal and reappraisal of Benazir Bhutto's leadership qualities as a woman politician, a head of the party and a prime minister in order to understand the woman leadership qualities. After the assassination of her father, she stepped in to fill in the very big void which existed in the country. Her leadership attributes were amazing and that includes especially in Pakistan a Muslim dominated nation. The study finds that, Bhutto’s political, inhered leadership skills were also a game changer not just in the game of Pakistan politics or for Muslims politics but on a larger international arena as well. This also provides an insight into her position in the development of women’s leadership and describes her activity directed to the development of the women in Pakistan. As the Prime Minister of Pakistan, she launched several initiatives related to the improvement of the condition of the women in society. The study will also look for the way in which Bhutto dealt with these challenges of military dictatorship, the solutions she found and the effectiveness of her measures for the improvement of the sociocultural, political and economic position of women in Pakistan.

BEYOND THE CLASSROOM: HOW PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT CULTIVATES SELF-EFFICACY AND SOCIAL SKILLS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2024-10-08T07:53:09+00:00

The current research aims at the levels of self-efficacy, parental engagement, and social skills held by elementary school students who attended private school systems, the current study is an attempt to investigate these factors. The goal of the study was also to investigate the predictability of the parameters that were mentioned before and to determine the extent to which they are linked to one another. In order to accomplish the basic objectives of this research study, a total of 120 elementary school students from two distinct private school systems were selected, together with their parents and educational experts. This was done to achieve the primary aims of the experiment. It was decided that the instrument for the study would be comprised of three different surveys. The self-efficacy of the pupils was evaluated using one of the questions, the participation of the parents was evaluated using another questionnaire, and the social skills of the children were evaluated using the third questionnaire. Even though their parents are not highly interested in their education, the data indicate that children who are in elementary school have a high degree of self-efficacy. A high degree of social skills is also possessed by the pupils, despite the fact that they exhibit a moderate level of problematic behaviors. It was also proved by the findings that parental engagement was not a significant factor in determining children' levels of self-efficacy; rather, it was a significant factor in determining students' levels of social skills. The study poses recommendations for teachers, parents, principals, policy makers and future researchers.

SOCIAL IDENTITY, PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

2024-10-11T11:11:37+00:00

Purpose of the Study: This quantitative research investigate social identity, perceived social support and quality of life among college and university teachers.

Research Methodology: The sample size (N=160) consists of 80 men and 80 women. The participants have been divided into four groups according to the job institute, Government College Teachers, Government University Teachers, Private College Teachers, Private University Teachers. The Social and Personal Identities Scale (SPIS) has been used to measure social identity, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) has been used to measure the perceived social support and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) assesses the quality of life among college and university teachers. For statistical analysis Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 22 software has been used to find meaningful differences. The relationship has been assessed using Pearson Correlation, an Independent sample t-test. Regression and one way Anova has been used to find meaningful differences.

Main Findings: The study concludes that there is positive correlation between social identity and perceived social support but there is a negative correlation between social identity and quality of life. Moreover the study includes that there is social identity and perceived social support high in government teachers and quality of life high in private teachers.

Application of the Study: The study will provide researchers with enough data information related to social identity, perceived social support and quality of life among college and university teachers. Findings will also enable them to further research on large samples from different academic institute of Pakistan to make generalization.

Innovation of the Study: This study innovates by examining how social identity, perceived social support, and quality of life intersect uniquely among college and university teachers. It offers practical insights for enhancing their well-being within higher education contexts and addresses a research gap, contributing to the field's advancement.

MOBILE LIBRARY SERVICES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF PAKISTAN: A SURVEY OF LIBRARIANS

2024-10-11T14:42:01+00:00

Access to information has changed dramatically in recent years, particularly in academic settings, thanks to the mobile libraries’ services. The current study explored the attitude of university librarians towards the use of mobile library services, actual provision of services and challenges faced for provision of services. Quantitative research approach is used and a structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 135 librarians. The results show that the views of individuals on mobile library services are largely good but the level of provision of mobile library services is not good. Despite the agreement among respondents regarding the significance of mobile library services, challenges encompass absence of framework, lack of technology appreciation, budgetary limitations and technological constraints, security and privacy issues etc. The current study suggests several recommendations. Developing technical infrastructure, growing digital collections, offering user assistance and training, raising awareness and outreach, working with technology suppliers are some suggestions for bettering mobile library services. By putting these suggestions into practice, Pakistani university libraries may better meet the information demands of researchers, teachers, and students. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding the mobile library services in underdeveloped nations.

Exploring the Influence of Language on Cultural Identity: A Comparative Linguistic and Literary Analysis

2024-10-17T06:06:48+00:00

This paper explores the importance of language in cultural identity construction and transmission. Since it examines language as a vehicle of cultural diplomacy and a sign of social status, it relates language diversity to cultural defense. These are language: loss and forgetfulness, global domination and sovereignty, and language: policy and culture –erasure or sustenance. Also, it explains the use of literature in explaining issues of cultural representation for postcolonial societies. The paper advocates for the preservation of language and cultural distinctiveness given the rising globalization.

Implications of Skopos theory for Validity and Reliability: Cultural Adaptation in the Arabic Translation of BDI Psychometric Test

2024-10-18T03:18:20+00:00

This study investigates the application of Skopos Theory in the translation of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) from English to Arabic, focusing on linguistic shifts, cultural adaptations, and the preservation of communicative functions. Skopos Theory, which emphasizes the purpose and target audience of a translation, provides a framework for analyzing the challenges of conveying depression-related concepts in Arabic-speaking contexts. The research examines how expressions of psychological states, such as guilt and worthlessness, are recontextualized to suit Arabic cultural norms while maintaining the inventory's diagnostic intent. The analysis of 21 randomly selected BDI items reveals that translators employ various strategies, including omission, addition, and cultural substitution, to ensure clarity, emotional resonance, and cultural relevance. The findings demonstrate that adapting the BDI through Skopos Theory ensures that the translation remains faithful to its intended psychological function while being linguistically and culturally appropriate for Arabic-speaking populations. This study highlights the critical role of purpose-driven translation in maintaining the reliability and validity of psychometric tools across different languages and cultures, offering valuable insights for cross-cultural psychological assessment and mental health research.

Movement for the Restoration of Democracy: Case Study of Sindh (1981–1988)

2024-10-22T05:38:18+00:00

In the political history of Pakistan, the period from 1981 to 1988 was remarkable. The MRD Movement, which was directed at the progress of the Restoration of Democracy, is among one of the political movements in Pakistan. The MRD was the most powerful political movement in Pakistan’s history and emerged when the army’s dictator reached their peak power in the 1980s. This paper is based on a qualitative analysis of primary and secondary data sources. The study addresses that MRD became the favorite political movement in Sindh to restore the democratic spirit in the country. However, there have been few scholarly works on Sindh’s participation in the MRD campaign. Thus, this article explores why Sindh formed the epicenter of this MRD campaign with compromises made by its citizens to restore freedom within Pakistan. The role of MRD was well understood to have played a key role by the Pakistan People’s Party through extensive studies on its contribution, while through using this report by collation, this research finds parties of the politics as well as individuals who actively participated in Sindh during the MRD campaign and addresses the role of all stakeholders who helped to make the campaign successful nationwide.

Animal Feed; Analytical Study of Pakistan Standard in the Light of Shariah

2024-10-29T06:19:48+00:00

This research paper explores the standards governing animal feed in Pakistan, analyzing them through the lens of Shariah compliance. Since the demand for animal products is growing day-by-day and on the other side, feed formulations also getting complex, it becomes essential to ensure that the ingredients used align with Islamic dietary laws. The study is aimed to investigate different components of animal feed, including additives, preservatives, and nutritional supplements, and then evaluate their permissibility in the light of principles of Shariah. And to highlight areas of conformity and non-conformity with Islamic teachings by examining the existing regulations and industry practices. It also provides recommendations for harmonizing Pakistan's animal feed standards with Shariah guidelines. The findings are intended to inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and scholars about the critical intersection of food security, animal health, and religious compliance in the context of Pakistan’s agricultural sector.

Problems faced by IELTS candidates during attaining Aural Proficiency and designing Listening Practice Plan

2024-11-05T15:30:30+00:00

For International English Language Testing System (IELTS) candidates, achieving aural proficiency remains a significant hurdle, affecting overall test performance. This article identifies the primary challenges faced by test-takers, including unfamiliarity with diverse accents and dialects, difficulty following rapid speech, and limited exposure to academic and conversational vocabulary. A comprehensive analysis of these obstacles informs the design of a structured "Listening Practice Plan" to enhance listening skills and boost confidence. The proposed plan integrates five key components: accent familiarization, speed and comprehension building, phonetic awareness training, vocabulary enhancement, and regular practice with authentic materials. By addressing the specific needs of IELTS candidates, this tailored approach facilitates improved listening comprehension, enabling test-takers to better navigate the complexities of the exam. This article provides educators and test-takers with a valuable framework for effective listening practice, highlighting the importance of customized instruction, technology integration, and ongoing assessment. By adopting this evidence-based plan, IELTS candidates can overcome the barriers to aural proficiency, achieve higher band scores, and unlock greater opportunities for academic and professional success. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more effective listening instruction and improved outcomes for language learners worldwide. The findings highlight the importance of listening skills in language acquisition and provides insights into the application of listening practice plans in real-world teaching contexts. The proposed plan is adaptable to various learning environments, including classroom instruction and self-directed study. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more effective listening instruction and improved outcomes for language learners worldwide

Awareness and Willingness towards Islamic Banking in Jammu and Kashmir: A Descriptive Analysis.

2024-11-17T06:26:19+00:00

Purpose –The actual goal of this study is to evaluate the awareness and willingness of Muslims in the Kashmir Valleytowards the use of Islamic banking. As an alternative to interest-based banking, Islamic banking is becoming more and more popular worldwide. Given that Kashmir is a Muslim territory governed by India, investigating the possibilities of an alternative banking system in the region seems somewhat bold.

Design/ methodology/ approach– Quantitative method of data collection was adopted in the form of self-structured questionnaire, by using connivance sampling technique.Thus, a sample of 300 respondents was gathered for that purpose from each of the ten districts that make up the Kashmir Valley. And to get the results, a descriptive analysis was then used.

Findings –The results show that a resounding majority of participants express a preference for Islamic banking. Furthermore, it is evident from the data that the respondents are fully aware of Islamic banking services and are prepared to use them, if they become available in the future.

Practical implications –The findings of this research will be of great importance for the institutions to implement the system of Islamic banking in the valley.On the other hand, before beginning operations in any nation for the first time, organizations and institutions may find the study's conclusions useful in designing and executing educational marketing campaigns to educate prospective clients about Islamic banking operations and to confirm the capacity to offer effective service.

Originality/value –This research is unique in nature, as it is the first ever survey based study conducted in Kashmir valley to assess the pent-up potential of Islamic banking. So in this context, we accomplished this research to explore the awareness and willingness towards Islamic banking among the masses of Kashmir valley.

د حافظ الپورۍ د يو منقبت : تجزياتي څېړنه

2024-08-21T14:31:18+00:00

The Manqbat, a well-established poetic tradition in Oriental languages, celebrates human sublimates and religious figures ـ This tradition is prominent across various Eastern literatures, including Pashto, where classical poets have crafted masterpieces dedicated to Companions, Saints, and religious personalities ـ Hafiz Alpuri, a renowned Pashto poet, has notably contributed to this tradition with his Manqbat ـ This article presents an analytical study of one such poem by Hafiz Alpuri, highlighting his profound devotion to these revered personalities and his contributions to religious figures ـ

جدید بلوچی غزل کی روایت

2024-09-29T10:42:39+00:00

Modern Balochi Ghazal has reached the heights of development where all the principles of poetry are prominent. It contains ancient Balochi poetry with a universal lyrical beauty, representing the tradition of Balochi folk poetry and classical poetry. Because the tradition of poetry in the second period of Balochi poetry was very weak. Due to this effect, in the early period of Balochi Ghazal, these weaknesses were prominent in the words of every major poet, but in modern Balochi Ghazal, these weaknesses have disappeared. Now there is great beauty in both the internal and external aspects of this genre. The modern Balochi ghazal tradition, which began with the monthly 'Oman' in 1951, represents an emerging literary genre. This abstract explores the tradition of ghazal in the Balochi language and highlights the evolution of Balochi ghazal poetry. Through an analysis of key poets and their ghazal poetry, this summary sheds light on how the modern Balochi ghazal tradition has developed and what its trends are today.

سندھی زبان کے لسانیاتی نظریات کا تحقیق مطالعہ

2024-09-24T16:36:08+00:00

The Indus valley is the most ancient civilization in the world. This valley flourish by Indus river. The excavation of Mohenjo-Daro belongs to Sindh and the civilization of Harappa in Punjab, leads river Ravi reveals the high level of organised living styles of these two civilizations. Sindhi language is derived from Indo Aryan linguistic group which is too close to Arabic and Persian script. This research paper reveals the different theories of different scholars in Sindhi language.