HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACHES TO URDU LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF N.M. RASHID’S POETRY

Abstract

Historical and biographical approaches to literature are a perspective, a lens through which a reader can see or explore only those ideas that have their link with the life of the writer, historical events, and the values of his age. N.M.Rashid was a postcolonial modern Urdu poet of Pakistan. The researcher has used the literary model of Bennett & Royle (2004), which tells us the ways to study the life and history present in the literary text. Being a postmodern writer, N.M. Rashid focuses his attention on collective voices, intertextuality, Meta-fictional, ironic narrators, and especially on language. Postmodern writer challenges hegemonic values like heteronormativity, imperialism, and the traditional concept of feminism and masculinity. Our data analysis shows that N.M.Rashid has used colonial and biographical events in his poetry to make it more reliable and authentic. Further studies also show that this is the only appropriate method that tells us how to explore the autobiographical and historical events of the past.