پشتو۔اُردو لغت نگاری آغاز و ارتقا PASHTO-URDU LEXICOGRAPHY: COMMENCEMENT AND EVOLUTION Section Urdu Literature

Abstract

Lexicography, the art and craft of dictionary-making, is as old as writing. Since its very early stages several thousands of years ago, it has helped to serve basically the every-day needs of written communication among individuals in communities speaking different languages or different varieties of the same language. Urdu and Pashto lexicography commencement and evolution. The present paper aims at distinguishing the various trends in writing bilingual dictionaries of Urdu and Pashto. By so doing, it is hoped that the bases on which variation has relied are arrived at in order to provide the appropriate explanations of how and why differences have followed. To achieve this aim, an expository critical account of the approaches to the compilation of monolingual dictionaries in Urdu and Pashto is presented; reference to bi-lingual dictionaries is going to be made in Urdu and Pashto Approaches to Lexicography appropriately, however. These trends, or schools, within each approach followed a certain system in compiling its representative dictionaries. This research paper has reviewed the progress made so far with regard to this Urdu and Pashto lexica and has corrected the historical direction from a research angle by collecting basic information.