Entrepreneurship and Women’s Empowerment in Islam: Opportunities and Constraints in the context of Pakistan and Malaysia

Abstract

This research explores entrepreneurship as a catalyst for women's economic empowerment within an Islamic framework, focusing on Pakistan and Malaysia. Islam advocates for equity and economic participation for both genders, as highlighted in the Quran and the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The study examines how entrepreneurial initiatives can address systemic barriers, foster independence, and promote societal contributions while adhering to Islamic values.

In Pakistan, deeply entrenched patriarchal norms, limited access to financial resources, and inadequate infrastructure restrict women's entrepreneurial potential. Initiatives like Islamic microfinance and e-commerce platforms hold promise but face challenges from cultural resistance and ineffective implementation. Malaysia, on the other hand, demonstrates success in integrating Islamic principles with entrepreneurial policies, supported by programs like TEKUN Nasional. However, disparities in rural access and gender biases remain obstacles.

A comparative analysis reveals that Pakistan requires structural reforms, including vocational training, financial inclusion, and cultural shifts to empower women entrepreneurs. Malaysia, while advanced, can focus on bridging regional disparities and fostering regional collaboration. The research concludes that entrepreneurship rooted in Islamic ethics provides a viable pathway for women's empowerment, enhancing both societal well-being and national development.