یورپ میں اقبال کے اساتذہ ؛ تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

This scholarly exploration delves into the significant impact that European mentors had on the intellectual and philosophical maturation of Allama Muhammad Iqbal during his formative years in Europe, spanning from 1905 to 1908. It illuminates the pivotal role played by distinguished educators such as Professor Thomas Arnold, Professor Reynold Nicholson, and Professor Edward Granville Browne, whose guidance profoundly enriched Iqbal’s grasp of Western philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, and literature. Furthermore, the study investigates how Iqbal adeptly wove Western philosophical ideas with Eastern spiritual traditions, a synthesis that vividly manifested in his poetry and philosophical musings. By meticulously examining Iqbal’s academic engagements and the trajectory of his intellectual evolution under these esteemed mentors, this paper underscores their enduring influence on his perspective, positioning him as a vital conduit between Eastern and Western intellectual heritages. In doing so, it accentuates the crucial contributions of these educators in shaping Iqbal’s philosophical outlook, which would go on to leave an indelible mark on his later literary and philosophical endeavors.