Implications of Skopos theory for Validity and Reliability: Cultural Adaptation in the Arabic Translation of BDI Psychometric Test

Abstract

This study investigates the application of Skopos Theory in the translation of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) from English to Arabic, focusing on linguistic shifts, cultural adaptations, and the preservation of communicative functions. Skopos Theory, which emphasizes the purpose and target audience of a translation, provides a framework for analyzing the challenges of conveying depression-related concepts in Arabic-speaking contexts. The research examines how expressions of psychological states, such as guilt and worthlessness, are recontextualized to suit Arabic cultural norms while maintaining the inventory's diagnostic intent. The analysis of 21 randomly selected BDI items reveals that translators employ various strategies, including omission, addition, and cultural substitution, to ensure clarity, emotional resonance, and cultural relevance. The findings demonstrate that adapting the BDI through Skopos Theory ensures that the translation remains faithful to its intended psychological function while being linguistically and culturally appropriate for Arabic-speaking populations. This study highlights the critical role of purpose-driven translation in maintaining the reliability and validity of psychometric tools across different languages and cultures, offering valuable insights for cross-cultural psychological assessment and mental health research.