THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE USE AND POWER DYNAMICS IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study explores the politics of language use and its impact on power dynamics in Pakistan, with a focus on the contrasting linguistic strategies of two prominent political figures, Bilawal Bhutto and Imran Khan. The analysis reveals that Bilawal Bhutto employs a dual-language approach, using English to appeal to the urban elite and Sindhi to connect with his provincial base in Sindh. This strategy underscores his elite background while emphasizing his commitment to regional identity and autonomy. Conversely, Imran Khan’s consistent use of Urdu positions him as a populist leader, appealing to a broad national audience and challenging the traditional elite. His emphasis on national unity through the use of Urdu promotes a collective identity but may marginalize non-Urdu-speaking communities. The study finds that these language choices are not just communicative tools but are deeply intertwined with broader political strategies aimed at reinforcing or disrupting existing power structures. Bilawal’s multilingual approach reflects the complex interplay between regionalism, class, and centralization, while Imran Khan’s focus on Urdu seeks to unify the nation but may inadvertently marginalize regional identities. The findings highlight the significant socio-political implications of language politics in Pakistan, demonstrating how language serves as a powerful instrument in shaping political identities and influencing power dynamics in the country’s diverse society. Understanding these dynamics is essential for analyzing the broader implications of language politics in Pakistan’s evolving political landscape.