The Evolving Representation of Islam and Muslims in English Literature

Abstract

 This article explores the transformation of the representation of Islam and Muslims in English literature from the medieval period to the contemporary era. It traces the early depictions during the Crusades, where Muslims were often portrayed as the "Other," embodying fear and exoticism, exemplified in works such as Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales and Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine. As the Renaissance unfolded, representations began to shift, reflecting a broader cultural curiosity and engagement with Islamic culture, seen in the works of Shakespeare and John Milton. In the modern era, literature increasingly captures diverse Muslim voices and experiences post-colonialism, emphasizing complexity and multidimensionality. The article also examines how contemporary literature responds to current geopolitical issues and the impact of Islamophobia, reflecting societal attitudes and cultural narratives. By analyzing these evolving portrayals, this study aims to illuminate the intersection of literature and cultural identity, showcasing how English literature not only mirrors historical perceptions but also contributes to ongoing dialogues about faith, culture, and belonging in a rapidly changing world. Ultimately, the article highlights the importance of literary representations in shaping public understanding of Islam and Muslims across different historical contexts. The representation of Islam and Muslims in English literature has undergone significant transformation, reflecting broader cultural, social, and political changes. Historically, English literature often depicted Islam through a lens of Orientalism, with portrayals steeped in exoticism and stereotypes. However, contemporary literature has shifted towards more nuanced and multifaceted representations. In summary, the evolving representation of Islam and Muslims in English literature reflects broader cultural shifts and a growing recognition of the need for diverse and nuanced portrayals. From early Orientalist depictions to contemporary narratives that challenge stereotypes and foster dialogue, English literature continues to play a crucial role in shaping perceptions of Islam and Muslims.