خلافت راشدہ میں غیر مسلموں کی آزادی کا تصور: تحقیقی جائزہ THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM OF NON-MUSLIMS IN THE RASHIDUN CALIPHATE: A RESEARCH REVIEW Section Islamic Literature

Abstract

This article intends to throw light upon the concept of freedom of non-Muslims in the golden era of Rashidun Caliphate. This period of Rashidun Caliphate is called the golden age of Islam. The status of this period is vital and legal for Muslims because guidance is sought towards the period of Rashidun Caliphate, if no direction is available from the Holy Prophet ﷺ. That is why, the guidance of diverse religious, worldly, social, ethical, personal and legal matters is always sought from this period. The Holy Prophet ﷺ has also asked to hold firmly to His Sunnah and the Sunnah of Khalifa Rashid. That is why it is essential for Muslims to seek guidance from Rashidun Caliphate. In this article, the rights of non-Muslims have been discussed during the era of Rashidun Caliphate. Islam not only gives rights to its believers, but also it supports the same freedom of non-Muslims. In this article, it has been clarified that what kinds of rights did the non-Muslims have in the Rashidun Caliphate? Did they enjoy the same social and religious freedom as were enjoyed by the Muslims too?  What was the conduct of the Rashidun Caliphate in relation to the protection of their lives, property, honor and dignity as well? Were they required to serve in the military or did they pay taxes in return?  These types of questions are answered in this article and conclusions drawn with the help of historical and analytical research.