Federalism and Devolution of Power in Pakistan: Assessing the Merits and Demerits

Abstract

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. Under federalism, both levels of government possess significant autonomy and authority within their respective spheres of influence, with each retaining sovereignty over certain matters. This research article aims to conduct a comprehensive examination of federalism and the devolution of power in Pakistan, with a particular focus on assessing their merits and demerits. Against the backdrop of Pakistan's unique political and socio-economic landscape, the study seeks to analyze the effectiveness of the federal structure and the devolution of power in promoting governance, democracy, and socio-economic development. Methodologically, the research employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating historical analysis, policy evaluation, and stakeholder perspectives to provide a nuanced understanding of the dynamics of federalism and devolution in Pakistan. Through a relevant literature, the study seeks to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Pakistan's federal system and the devolution process initiated through constitutional amendments such as the 18th Amendment. By synthesizing insights from these diverse sources, the research aims to offer practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness, accountability, and inclusivity of federalism and devolution in Pakistan, while mitigating potential challenges and drawbacks. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to contribute to scholarly discourse, policy formulation, and institutional reform efforts aimed at optimizing the governance framework in Pakistan to better serve the needs and aspirations of its diverse population.