IMPACT OF COAL MINING IN MODIFICATION OF RURAL LIVELIHOOD: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT DUKI BALOCHISTAN

Abstract

Coal mining in Pakistan presents a double-edged sword. While it acts as a critical engine for national economic growth and local employment, its impact on rural communities like Duki, Balochistan, is far more intricate. This study delves into the multifaceted ways coal mining has reshaped the lives of Duki's residents. Through a blend of research methods, we explore how mining has impacted traditional livelihoods like agriculture, spurred new economic avenues, and transformed the overall socio-economic landscape. While undeniable job creation and regional economic growth have stemmed from the mines, concerns linger regarding displacement, environmental pollution, and disruptions to age-old practices.Our findings paint a nuanced picture. Agriculture, though persisting, has witnessed a decline, with shopkeeping emerging as a prominent alternative income source. Despite challenges like land acquisition and reduced agricultural output, a majority of residents hold a positive perception of mining, citing improvements in social welfare and water access. So, Sustainable practices, active community engagement, and prioritizing gender equity are crucial elements in crafting strategies that ensure long-term benefits for Duki and its residents.